100 Bài tập By có đáp án

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Bài viết 100 Bài tập By có đáp án chi tiết giúp bạn có thêm nguồn bài tập tự luyện để nắm vững cách sử dụng giới từ By từ đó giúp bạn học tốt Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh hơn.

Bài tập By (phần 1)

Bài 1: Complete the sentences using by + the following:

chance    credit card    hand    mistake    satellite

1. We hadn't arranged to meet. We met by chance.

2. I didn't intend to take your umbrella. I took it .....

3. Don't put the sweater in the washing machine. It has to be washed .....

4. I don't need cash. I can pay the bill .....

5. The two cities were connected .... for a television programme.

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. by mistake

3. by hand

4. by credit card

5. by satellite

Bài 2: Put in by, in or on.

1. Joanne usually goes to work by bus.

2. I saw Jane this morning. She was .... the bus.

3. How did you get there? Did you come .... train?

4. I decided not to go .... car. I went .... my bike instead.

5. I didn't feel like walking home, so I came home .... a taxi.

6. Sorry we're late. We missed the bus, so we had to come .... foot.

7. How long does it take to cross the Atlantic .... ship?

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. on

3. by

4. by car

5. in

6. on

7. by

Bài 3: Write three sentences like the examples. Write about a song, a painting, a film, a book ...

1. War and Peace is a book by Tolstoy.

2. Romeo and Juliet is a play by Shakespeare.

3. ........................................

4. ........................................

5. ........................................

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

Example answers:

3-5

Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce.

Yesterday is a song by Paul McCartney.

Guernica is a painting by Pablo Picasso.

Bài 4: Put in by, in, on or with.

1. Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

2. The plane was badly damaged .... lightning.

3. We managed to put the fire out .... a fire extinguisher.

4. Who is that man standing .... the window?

5. These photographs were taken .... a friend of mine.

6. I don't ming going .... car, but I don't want to go .... your car.

7. There was a small table .... the bed .... a lamp and a clock .... it.

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. by

3. with

4. by

5. by

6. by car

7. by the bed with a lamp and a clock on it

Bài 5: All these sentences have a mistake. Correct them.

1. Did you conme here by Kate's car or yours. in Kate's car
2. I don't like travelling on bus .............
3. These photographs were taken by a very good camera. .............
4. I know this music is from Beethoven, but I can't remember what it's called. .............
5. I couldn't pay by cash - I didn't have any money on me. .............
6. We lost the game only because of a mistake of one of our players. .............

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. travelling by bus

3. taken with a very good camera

4. this music is Beethoven

5. pay cash

6. a mistake by one of our players

Bài 6: Complete the sentences using by.

1. Clare's salary was $2,000 a month. Now it is $2,200.

Her salary has increased by $200 a month.

2. My daily newspaper used to cost 60 pence. From today it costs 70 pence.

The price has gone up .....................

3. There was an election.Helen won. She got 2

5. votes and Norman got 23.

Helen won .................................

4. I went to Kate's house to see her, but she had gone out five minutes before I arrived.

I missed .................................

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. the price has gone up by ten pence

3. Helen won by two votes

4. I missed her/Kate by five minutes

Bài tập By (phần 2)

Bài 1: Complete the sentences using by + the following:

chance credit card hand mistake satellite

1. We hadn't arranged to meet. We met by chance.

2. I didn't intend to take your umbrella. I took it .....

3. Don't put the sweater in the washing machine. It has to be washed .....

4. I don't need cash. I can pay the bill .....

5. The two cities were connected .... for a television programme.

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. by mistake

3. by hand

4. by credit card

5. by satellite

Bài 2: Put in by, in or on.

1. Joanne usually goes to work by bus.

2. I saw Jane this morning. She was .... the bus.

3. How did you get there? Did you come .... train?

4. I decided not to go .... car. I went .... my bike instead.

5. I didn't feel like walking home, so I came home .... a taxi.

6. Sorry we're late. We missed the bus, so we had to come .... foot.

7. How long does it take to cross the Atlantic .... ship?

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. on

3. by

4. by car

5. in

6. on

7. by

Bài 3: Write three sentences like the examples. Write about a song, a painting, a film, a book ...

1. War and Peace is a book by Tolstoy.

2. Romeo and Juliet is a play by Shakespeare.

3. ........................................

4. ........................................

5. ........................................

Hiển thị đáp án

Example answers:

3-5

Ulysses is a novel by James Joyce.

Yesterday is a song by Paul McCartney.

Guernica is a painting by Pablo Picasso.

Bài 4: Put in by, in, on or with.

1. Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

2. The plane was badly damaged .... lightning.

3. We managed to put the fire out .... a fire extinguisher.

4. Who is that man standing .... the window?

5. These photographs were taken .... a friend of mine.

6. I don't ming going .... car, but I don't want to go .... your car.

7. There was a small table .... the bed .... a lamp and a clock .... it.

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. by

3. with

4. by

5. by

6. by car

7. by the bed with a lamp and a clock on it

Bài 5: All these sentences have a mistake. Correct them.

1. Did you conme here by Kate's car or yours. in Kate's car
2. I don't like travelling on bus .............
3. These photographs were taken by a very good camera. .............
4. I know this music is from Beethoven, but I can't remember what it's called. .............
5. I couldn't pay by cash - I didn't have any money on me. .............
6. We lost the game only because of a mistake of one of our players. .............

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. travelling by bus

3. taken with a very good camera

4. this music is Beethoven

5. pay cash

6. a mistake by one of our players

Bài 6: Complete the sentences using by.

1. Clare's salary was $2,000 a month. Now it is $2,200.

Her salary has increased by $200 a month.

2. My daily newspaper used to cost 60 pence. From today it costs 70 pence.

The price has gone up .....................

3. There was an election.Helen won. She got 2

5. votes and Norman got 23.

Helen won .................................

4. I went to Kate's house to see her, but she had gone out five minutes before I arrived.

I missed .................................

Đáp án & Hướng dẫn:

2. the price has gone up by ten pence

3. Helen won by two votes

4. I missed her/Kate by five minutes

Ngữ pháp giới từ By

A. Giới từ by chỉ cách thức

Chúng ta sử dụng giới từ by... trong các cách diễn đạt để nói lên cách thức ta làm một việc gì đó. Chẳng hạn như:

Send something by post

do something by hand

pay by cheque/by credit card (nhưng pay in cash/ pay cash)

Ví dụ:

- Can I pay by credit card?

(Tôi có thể thanh toán bằng thẻ tín dụng được không?)

- You can contact me by phone, by fax or by mail.

(Bạn có thể liên hệ tôi bằng điện thoại, fax hoặc mail.)

hoặc cách thức mà một điều gì đó xảy ra by mistake / by chance / by accident :

- Did you pay by cheque or in cash?

(Bạn đã thanh toán bằng séc hay tiền mặt?)

- We hadn't arranged to meet. We met by chance.

(Chúng tôi đã không hẹn gặp. Chúng tôi đã gặp nhau tình cờ.)

Nhưng bạn sử dụng do something on purpose = "cố tình làm điều gì đó":

- I didn't do it on purpose. It was an accident.

(Tôi đã không cố tình làm điều đó. Đó là một tai nạn.)

Tóm lại, trong các cách diễn đạt trên, chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc by + danh từ (không có mạo từ the/an). Chúng ta nói: by chance, by cheque, ... (chứ KHÔNG nói by the chance, by a cheque).

B. Giới từ by chỉ phương tiện

Tương tự, chúng ta sử dụng giới từ by... để diễn đạt phương tiện, cách thức đi lại. Chẳng hạn như:

by car / by train / by plane / by boat / by ship / by bus / by bicycle ...

và

by road / by rail / by air / by sea / by underground

Ví dụ:

- Liz ussually goes to work by bus.

(Liz thường đi làm bằng xe buýt.)

- Do you prefer to travel by air or by train?

(Bạn thích đi du lịch bằng đường hàng không hay bằng tàu lửa hơn?)

Nhưng ta lại nói on foot:

- Did you come here by car or on foot?

(Bạn đến đây bằng xe hay đi bộ vậy?)

Bạn không thể sử dụng giới từ by với my car / the train / a taxi ... Chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc by + danh từ không có a/the/my ... Ta nói:

- by car

nhưng

in my car (KHÔNG nói by my car)

- by train

nhưng

on the train (KHÔNG nói by the train)

  • Chúng ta sử dụng giới từ in với cars và taxi:

    - They didn't come in their car. They came in a taxi.

    (Họ đã không tới bằng xe hơi của họ. Họ tới bằng xe taxi.

  • Chúng ta sử dụng giới từ on với bicycles và các phương tiện giao thông công cộng (buses, trains, ...):

    - We travelled on the 6.45 train.

    (Chúng tôi đi chuyến tàu 6h45.)

C. So sánh by và with trong tiếng Anh

Chúng ta nói something is done by somebody / something (câu bị động - bạn tham khảo Câu bị động trong tiếng Anh).

- Have you ever been bitten by a dog?

(Bạn đã bị chó cắn bao giờ chưa?)

- The programme was watched by millions of people.

(Chương trình đã được hàng triệu người theo dõi.)

So sánh giới từ by và giới từ with:

- The door must have been opened with a key. (KHÔNG nói by a key)

(= somebody used a key to open it.)

(Cánh cửa hẳn đã được mở bằng chìa khóa.

- The door must have been opened by somebody with a key.

Với các tác phẩm kịch, tiểu thuyết, hội họa, ... chúng ta nói: a play by Shakespeare, a painting by Rembrandt, a novel by Tolstoy, ...

- Have you read any books by Agatha Christie?

(Bạn đã đọc cuốn sách nào của Agatha Christie chưa?)

D. Giới từ by với nghĩa next/beside

Giới từ by còn có nghĩa là next/beside. Ví dụ:

- Come and sit by me. (= beside me)

(Hãy lại đây và ngồi xuống cạnh tôi.)

- "Where's the light switch?" "By the door."

("Công tắc đèn ở đâu?" "Nơi cửa đó.")

E. Cách sử dụng khác của giới từ by

Ngoài các cách sử dụng trên, chúng ta còn có cách sử dụng khác của giới từ by để diễn đạt lượng tăng:

- Clare's salary has just gone up from £1,000 a month to £1,100.

So it has increased by £100 / by ten per cent.

(Lương của Clare mới tăng từ £1.000 một tháng lên £1.100. )

(Vậy là đã tăng £100 / 10 phần trăm.)

- John and Roger had a race over 100 metres. Roger won by about five metres.

(John và Roger đã chạy thi 100m. Roger nhanh hơn khoảng 5m.)

Xem thêm bài tập ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh có đáp án chi tiết hay khác:

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