Thì Hiện tại hoàn thành dễ hiểu nhất (bài tập có giải)

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1. Khái niệm Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng cho các hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng chưa kết thúc, có thể tiếp tục trong hiện tại, tương lai hoặc có ảnh hưởng tới hiện tại.

2. Cách dùng Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Thì hiện tại hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả:

a. Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và có ảnh hưởng tới hiện tại

Eg: Tom has had a bad car crash.

(Tom đã bị tai nạn ô tô nghiêm trọng – và bây giờ cậu ấy đang nằm viện.)

b. Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ và có thể còn lặp lại trong hiện tại và tương lai

Eg: I have seen Titanic at least 5 times. (Tôi đã xem phim Titanic ít nhất 5 lần.)

c. Hành động đã xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng chúng ta không biết/ không muốn đề cập thời gian chính xác khi nó xảy ra

Eg: They have visited London. (Họ đã đến thăm Luân Đôn.)

d. Hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ, kéo dài tới hiện tại và có khả năng tiếp tục trong tương lai

Eg: Up to now, we have done every exercise in this book.

(Tính đến giờ, chúng tôi đã làm mọi bài tập trong cuốn sách này.)

Cách dùng này thường có các cụm: up to now, up to present, so far ……

e. Thông báo một sự việc vừa mới xảy ra/ tin mới

Eg: Oh! I’ve cut my finger. (Ôi tôi bị đứt tay rồi.)

f. Hành động trong các câu hỏi với “yet” và “before”

Eg: Have you found a job yet? (Bạn đã tìm được việc chưa?)

3. Cấu trúc Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

a. Khẳng định (+)

Cấu trúc Ví dụ
I/ You/ We/ They + have (‘ve)+ VpII.

I have broken my leg.

(Tôi vừa mới gãy chân.)
He/ She/ It + has (‘s) + VpII.

He has just arrived here.

(Cậu ấy vừa mới đến đây.)

b. Phủ định (-)

Cấu trúc Ví dụ
I/ You/ We/ They + have not (haven’t) + VpII.

We haven’t finished my homework yet.

(Chúng tôi chưa xong bài tập về nhà.)
He/ She/ It + has not (hasn’t) + VpII.

She hasn’t seen me for years.

(Cô ấy đã không gặp tôi nhiều năm.)

c. Nghi vấn (?)

Cấu trúc Ví dụ
(Từ để hỏi) + have/ has + S + VpII?

Have you done your report yet?

(Bạn đã làm xong báo cáo chưa?)

4. Cách thêm “-ed” vào động từ Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Động từ nguyên thể Cách chuyển Ví dụ
Động từ kết thúc tận cùng: e; ee Thêm “d”

Live – lived (sống)

Agree – agreed (đồng ý)
Động từ kết thúc là nguyên âm + phụ âm (trừ h, w, x, y) Gấp đôi phụ âm và thêm “ed”

Fit – fitted (phù hợp)

Stop – stopped (ngừng)
Động từ kết thúc là phụ âm + y Đổi “y” thành “i” và thêm “ed”

Study – studied (học)

Try – tried (thử)
Động từ còn lại Thêm “-ed”

Work – worked (làm việc)

Learn – learned (học)

5. Cách phát âm động từ đuôi “ed”

Đọc là /id/ khi động từ kết thúc là /t/ hoặc /d/

Wanted /ˈwɑːntɪd/

Added /ædɪd/
Đọc là /t/ khi động từ kết thúc là các phụ âm vô thanh: /s/, /f/, /p/, /ʃ/, /tʃ/, /k/ và những động từ có từ phát âm cuối là “s”

Picked /pɪkt/

Hoped /hoʊpt/
Đọc là /id/ với các động từ còn lại

Cried /kraɪd/: Khóc

Smiled /smaɪld/: Cười

6. Dấu hiệu nhận biết Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

• Just, recently (gần đây, vừa mới)

• Before (trước đây)

• Already (rồi)

• Ever (đã từng)

• Never (chưa bao giờ)

• For (trong khoảng) + khoảng thời gian

• Since (từ khi) + mốc thời gian

Eg: I’ve never met him before. (Tôi chưa từng gặp anh ta trước đây.)

7. Bài tập Thì hiện tại hoàn thành

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using SINCE or FOR

0. It has been raining since lunch time.

1. Linda has been the manage of Timeways travel in London ___three years

2. I’ve lived in Rome_____I was two

3. Mr.Woods hasn’t been feeling well ____over a month

4. Sally and her boyfriend Peter have been going out together____last winter

5. I’ve been waiting ____ a few minutes

6. He’s been in Japan ____ 1986

7. I haven’t seen you ____ Christmas

8. It hasn’t rained here _____ more than a month

9. We haven’t bought a new shoes ____ ages.

10. We’ve been here ____ January.

1. for 6. since
2. since 7. since
3. for 8. for
4. since 9. for
5. for 10. since

Exercise 2. Put the verbs into the present perfect tense

0. They (build) have built those building recently

1. I (live) here since 1970

2. He (study) English for three years

3. They (come) here many times

4. He (already read) these books

5. She (just visit) us

6. I (ever see) this cartoon

7. You (ever talk) to her?

8. He (have) lunch yet?

9. We (not see) her parents yet

10. His sister (work) for this company since 1995

1. have lived 6. have ever seen
2. has studied 7. Have you ever talked
3. have come 8. Has he had
4. has already yet 9. haven’t seen
5. has just visited 10. has worked

Exercise 3. Put the verb in the correct tense and insert SINCE or FOR

0. She (practice) has practiced the piano since 6.00

1. ____ the last two years, clothes (be) very dear

2. Coal (become) dearer ___ the end of last year

3. I (write) ten letters _____ breakfast

4. “You (see) my friends lately?” “Not ___3 days”

5. I (not see) him ____ more than a week

6. “How long you (wait)?” – “____ half an hour”

7. That boy (not wash) his face ___ some time

8. I (not have) a good night’s sleep ____ last week

1. Since – have been

2. has become – since

3. has written – since

4. Have you seen – for

5. haven’t seen – for

6. have you waited – For

7. hasn’t washed – for

8. haven’t had – since

Exercise 4. Choose the best answer

0............ have you lived here?

A. When       B. How long       C. What time       D. What

1. We’ve been here ............last week.

A. since       B. for       C. by       D. from

2. They haven’t seen each other ...........a long time.

A. since       B. for       C. with       D. about

3. My mother..........in this hospital for 9 years.

A. have worked       B. worked       C. has worked       D. works

4. ...........you had breakfast since 6.00 a. m ?

A. Do       B. Does       C. Have       D. Has

5. I have.........her for some years.

A. know       B. known       C. knew       D. knowing

1. A

2. B

3. C

4. C

5. B

Exercise 5. Find one mistake in each sentence

0. All my classmates knew each other quite well since they were in grade 6

1. I have lived in Ho Chi Minh city since twenty five years

2. They haven’t saw such a terrble fire before

3. The house was cleaned up since we left for Nha Trang

4. The International Olympic Games continued without interrupt since 1896

5. We didn’t try hard enough since the second semester

6. I have known this singer since she has been 16 year old

7. People enjoyed Beethovan’s music for nearly 200 years

8. The boy played soccer since 2 o’clock

1. since (for)

2. saw (seen)

3. was (has)

4. continued (has continued)

5. didn’t try (haven’t tried)

6. has been (was)

7. enjoyed (have enjoyed)

8. played (has played)

Exercise 6. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.

0. It is a long time since we last met.

=> We haven't met each other for a long time.

1. This last time she came back to her hometown was 4 years ago.

=> She hasn't............................................................................................................

2. He started working as a bank clerk 3 months ago.

=> He has.................................................................................................................

3. It has been 5 years since we first flew to Singapore.

=> We have................................................................................................................

4. I last had my hair cut in November.

=> I haven't................................................................................................................

5. The last time we called each other was 5 months ago.

=> We haven't.............................................................................................................

1. She hasn't come back to her hometown for 4 years.

2. He has worked as a bank clerk for 3 months.

3. We have not flown to Singapore for 5 years.

4. I haven't had my hair cut since November.

5. We haven't called each other for 5 months.

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Rewrite the sentence so that the meaning of the sentence remains unchanged.

1. She has never drunk whisky before.

2. He has never known me before.

3. This is the first time we’ve visited Ha Long Bay.

4. The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago.

5. I last had my hair cut when I left her.

6. It is a long time since we last met.

Đáp án:

1. She has never drunk whisky before.

2. This is the first time he has known me.

3. We have never visited Ha Long Bay before.

4. She hasn't kissed me for 5 months

5. I haven't cut my hair since I left her

6. We haven't met for a long time.

Exercise 2. Put the verbs in brackets into simple past or present perfect.

1. We (study) _______ a very hard lesson the day before yesterday.

2. We (study) _______ almost every lesson in this book so far.

3. We (watch) _______ that television program.

4. We (watch) _______ an interesting program on television last night.

5. My wife and I _______ (travel) by air many times in the past

6. My wife and I (travel) _______ to Mexico by air last summer

7. I (read) _______ that novel by Hemingway several times before.

8. I (read) _______ that novel again during my last vacation.

9. I (have) _______ a little trouble with my car last week.

10. However, I (have) _______ no trouble with my car since then.

Đáp án:

1. studied

6. travelled/traveled

2. have studied

7. have read

3. watched

8. read

4. watched

9. had

5. travelled/traveled

10. have had

Exercise 3. Choose the appropriate word [for] or [since] for each sentence.

1. I haven’t seen Linda _____________ three weeks.

2. Mary and Jane have been in Germany _____________ June.

3. Have you lived in your house _____________ more than one year!

4. Yes, we have lived here _____________ 2004! That’s more than a year!

5. Have you seen Tom? No, I haven’t seen him _____________ ages.

6. Have you seen Jane? No, I haven’t seen her _____________ this morning.

7. I have studied English _____________ 5 years.

8. They have travelled _____________ than 2 hours.

9. I haven’t played with dolls _____________ I was a child.

10. Peter hasn’t played cricket _____________ last week.

Đáp án:

1. for

2. since

3. for

4. since

5. for

6. since

7. for

8. for

9. since

10. since

Exercise 4. Give the correct form of the verb in the brackets in the present perfect tense.

1. I (know) _______ him all my life.

2. They (live) _______ in that house for two years.

3. My brother (write) _______ three books.

4. She (not break) _______ her leg.

5. She (break) _______ her arm.

6. I (see) _______ an elephant several times.

7. She (have) _______ that dress for ten years.

8. We (be) _______ here for hours!

9. The children (not finish) _______ their homework yet.

10. You (be) _______ to the zoo?

Đáp án:

1. have known

6. have seen

2. have lived

7. has had

3. has written

8. have been

4. hasn’t broken

9. haven’t finished

5. has broken

10. Have you been

Exercise 5. Give the correct form of the word in brackets in the present perfect tense.

1. How many times _________ to Da Lat city? (YOU BE)

2. Russians _____________ to the moon. (NEVER TRAVEL)

3. I __________ your book very thoroughly. It's very interesting. (READ)

4. We __________ our car all morning, but we're not finished yet. (REPAIR)

5. Linda and Peter _________ dinner yet. (NOT PREPARE)

6. Jackie _______ weight for months. Look at him now! (LOSE)

Đáp án:

1. How many times _____have you been______ to Da Lat city?

2. Russians _____have never travelled______ to the moon.

3. I _____have read_____ your book very thoroughly. It's very interesting.

4. We _____have repaired_____ our car all morning, but we're not finished yet.

5. Linda and Peter ____have not prepared___ dinner yet.

6. Jackie ____has lost___ weight for months. Look at him now!

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