Đại từ bất định Some, Any & No, Nothing, None trong tiếng Anh



Bài viết Đại từ bất định Some, Any & No, Nothing, None gồm ngữ pháp Đại từ bất định Some, Any & No, Nothing, None chi tiết và bài tập Đại từ bất định Some, Any & No, Nothing, None có lời giải giúp học sinh nắm vững cách sử dụng Đại từ bất định Some, Any & No, Nothing, None trong tiếng Anh.

Lý thuyết Đại từ bất định Some, Any & No, Nothing, None

A. Đại từ bất định some & any trong tiếng Anh

Dưới đây là các xách sử dụng của đại từ bất định someany:

1. Hai từ someany đều có thể là một tính từ và cũng có thể là một đại từ. Khi là tính từ someany dùng với các danh từ số nhiều đếm được và có nghĩa là "vài". Tuy nhiên, some dùng trong câu xác định còn any dùng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.

- There are some books on the table.

- Are there any books on the table?

2. Khi dùng với một danh từ số ít đếm được trong bất cứ loại câu nào, some có nghĩa là "một cái nào đó" và any có nghĩa là "bất cứ cái nào".

- There must be some reason for the murder.

- You can paint the chair any colour you like.

3. Khi dùng như một đại từ, someany có thể dùng một mình hoặc dùng với of và cũng theo nguyên tắc somde trong câu xác định, any trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.

- Some of the guests are married, and some are single.

- Have you met any of the passengers?

- No, I haven't seen any yet.

4. Some có thể được dùng trong các câu thỉnh cầu (requests), hoặc đề nghị (offers)

- Can I have some milk, please?

- Could you lend me some money?

- I've just picked these apples. Would you like some?

5. Trong một số cấu trúc, someany có thể dùng như một trạng từ chỉ mực độ (adverb of degree)

- Some two million tourists visit our country every summer. (= about)

- Was the play any good? (= at all)

B. Đại từ bất định no, nothing & none trong tiếng Anh

Dưới đây là các xách sử dụng của đại từ bất định no, nothingnone:

1. No là dạng rút gọn của not a hay not any.

- He's got no house. (= not a)

- There is no salt on the table. (= not any)

2. Nothing là dạng rút gọn của not anything.

- There was nothing in the shop that I wanted to buy. (= not anything)

- I looked at the room, but I saw nothing. (= not anything)

3. None là một đại từ. Nó có nghĩa tương đương với not one, not any.

- None of his pupils failed their examination.

- How many fish did you catch? — None!

4. Sự khác biệt giữa nothingnone là trong các câu trả lời ngắn: nothing dùng để trả lời các câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng What hay Who; trong khi ấy none dùng để trả lời cho câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng How many/How much. Nobody khác biệt với none cũng tương tự như vậy.

- What is on the table? — Nothing.

- How many books are on the table? — None.

- Who is in the dining-room? — Nobody (No one). - How many people are in the dining-room? — None.

- How much petrol is there in the car? — None.

Bài tập Đại từ bất định Some, Any & No, Nothing, None

Task 1. Điền some hoặc any.

1. This weekend, I will visit _______ of my relatives.

2. Barbie: Did you manage to buy the bread?

    Ken: No, there wasn’t _______ left.

3. She went into town to pick up _______ new books from the local bookstore.

4. If you encounter _______ problems, please contact customer support through this email.

5. First of all, to avoid _______ possible confusion, please stay with your partner this whole trip.

6. _______ of the files cannot be saved because your phone’s storage is full.

7. Person 1: Which train should I get on to go to the next city?

    Person 2: _______ train. They all pass by there.

8. He lived in Germany for a few years so he must know _______ German, right?

9. We’d like _______ information about the services that you offer.

10. There are _______ leftovers in the fridge, feel free to eat them.

Đáp án:

1. some

2. any

3. some

4. any

5. any

6. Some

7. any

8. some

9. some

10. some

Task 2. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. He is known to be very secretive. He never tells somebody / anybody something / anything.

2. I’d like to go on vacation if I can. Someone / Anyone I know has invited me to his newly-opened resort so I may go there.

3. Catherine: ‘I’m starving! I need something / anything to eat.’

    Caleb: ‘What do you want?’

    Catherine: ‘I don’t mind. Something / Anything will do.’

4. My grandmother never goes somewhere / anywhere without her loyal dog.

5. There was hardly somebody / anybody in the classroom.

6. I tied some / any string to the window because it kept flying open in the wind.

7. She valued honesty more than something / anything in the world.

8. Is there some / any cat food left? If not then I’ll buy some / any.

9. There are some / any contradicting statements. Somebody / Anybody isn’t telling the truth.

10. Son: ‘Dad, which book should I get?’

    Dad: ‘Some / Any book you like. Take your time.’

Đáp án:

1. anybody – anything

2. Someone

3. something – Anything

4. anywhere

5. anybody

6. some

7. anything

8. any – some

9. some – Somebody

10. Any

 

 

Task 3. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. ‘Is there any more milk?’ ‘No, _______ at all.’

A. no

B. none

C. nothing

2. Everybody liked Gavi but _______ more than I.

A. no

B. none

    C. nothing

3. There’s _______ telling what will happen next.

A. no

B. none

C. nothing

4. I used to love her but she’s _______ to me any more.

A. no

B. none

C. nothing

5. Tickets for Friday? Sorry we’ve got _______ left.

A. no

B. none

C. nothing

6. Jorge knows next to _______ about art.

A. no

B. none

C. nothing

7. _______ else matters to him apart from his job.

A. No

B. None

C. Nothing

8. She’s _______ fool. She knows if she’s nice to him, he’ll pay for her holiday.

A. no

B. none

C. nothing

9. They say _______ two days are the same... but many feel so during the COVID lockdown.

A. no

B. none

C. nothing

10. They pretended to be enthusiastic about my work but then suddenly decided they wanted _______ of it.

A. no

B. none

C. nothing

Đáp án:

1. B

2. B

3. A

4. C

5. B

6. C

7. C

8. A

9. A

10. B

Bài tập bổ sung

Task 1. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. ‘Got any money?’ ‘Not ________.’

A. any

B. each

C. less

D. much

2. ‘What’s that in your pocket?’ ‘Oh, ________.’

A. anything

B. everything

C. nothing

D. something

3. Didn’t you like it? ________ else did.

A. Anybody

B. Everybody

C. Nobody

D. Somebody

4. I’d like an ice cream. Are you having ________, too?

A. much

B. none

C. one

D. some

5. She wasn’t ________ before she got that job.

A. anyone

B. everyone

C. no one

D. someone

6. There’s ________ about this place that frightens me. I feel like I’m being watched...

A. anything

B. everything

C. nothing

D. something

7. We have three sons but ________ of them lives nearby.

A. all

B. each

C. none

D. some

8. They gave their ________ in the war.

A. all

B. every

C. everything

D. nothing

9. I’ve seen most of his movies. Only a ________ are as good as his first one.

A. bit

B. few

C. little

D. lot

10. If ________ of you are interested, we’ll organize a trip to the theatre.

A. any

B. enough

C. every

D. some

Đáp án:

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. C

5. A

6. D

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. B

Task 2: Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. ‘It’s a bill.’ ‘Oh no, not another / other!’

2. He raised one arm and then another / the other.

3. I don’t like this room. I’m going to ask for another / others.

4. Some designs are better than others / the others.

5. There’ll never be another / the others like Charlie.

6. We’ve all got problems of one kind or another / the other.

7. Karla went swimming while the other / the others played tennis.

8. This option is preferable to any another / other.

9. I’m not surprised he’s feeling ill – he was eating one ice cream after another / others!

10. Two buildings were destroyed and many other / others damaged in the blast.

Đáp án:

1. another

2. the other

3. another

4. others

5. another

6. another

7. the others

8. other

9. another

10. others

Task 3. Điền vào chỗ trống either hoặc neither.

1. ‘Do you prefer pork or beef?’ ‘I don’t like ________.’

2. ________ of my parents likes my boyfriend.

3. The offices on ________ side were empty.

4. We’ve got two TVs, but ________ works properly.

5. You can keep one of the photos. ________ of them—whichever you like.

6. ‘Which one would you choose?’ ‘________. They’re both terrible.’

7. ________ one of us is interested in gardening.

8. There are two types of qualification—________ is acceptable.

9. ‘Would you like the metal or plastic one?’ ‘________ will do.’

10. They produced two reports, ________ of which contained any useful suggestions.

Đáp án:

1. either

2. Neither

3. either

4. neither

5. either

6. neither

7. Neither

8. either

9. either

10. neither

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