Đại từ bất định trong tiếng Anh

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Bài viết Đại từ bất định gồm ngữ pháp Đại từ bất định chi tiết và bài tập Đại từ bất định có lời giải giúp học sinh nắm vững cách sử dụng Đại từ bất định trong tiếng Anh.

Lý thuyết Đại từ bất định

A. Đại từ bất định trong tiếng Anh

Đại từ bất định (indefinite pronouns) gồm có nhiều nhóm:

- Nhóm kết hợp với some để tạo thành something, someone, somebody.

- Nhóm kết hợp với any để tạo thành anything, anyone, anybody.

- Nhóm kết hợp với every để tạo thành everything, everyone, everybody.

- Nhóm kết hợp với no để tạo thành nothing, no one, nobody.

- Nhóm độc lập gồm các từ all, one, none, other, another, much, less, (a) few, (a) little, enough, each, either, neither.

Cũng như tính từ nghi vấn, một số trong các đại từ trên đây cũng có thể được dùng như tính từ. Khi ấy người ta gọi chúng là tính từ bất định (indefinite adjectives). Đó là các từ any, some, every, no, all, one, none, other, another, much, less, (a) few, (a) little, enough, each, either, neither.

B. Đại từ bất định either & neither trong tiếng Anh

- Đại từ bất định either có nghĩa là "cái này hay cái kia trong hai cái".

- Đại từ bất định neither là phủ định của either vì thế nó có nghĩa "không cái này mà cũng không cái kia trong hai cái".

Hai đại từ bất định này có thể dùng như một đại từ hay một tính từ và luôn luôn dùng với một động từ số ít.

Ví dụ:

- Either of the books is suitable for me. (Đại từ)

- Neither of my friends has come yet. (Đại từ)

- You can park your car on either side of the street. (Tính từ)

- Both trains will go to Hanoi, but neither train is comfortable. (Tính từ)

C. Đại từ bất định all trong tiếng Anh

Đại từ bất định all vừa là một đại từ vừa là một tính từ. Khi sử dụng all có một số điều cần lưu ý sau:

1. Khi là một đại từ, all có nghĩa là "tất cả". Nó có thể đi với một động từ số ít hay số nhiều tùy theo ý nghĩa mà nó có.

- Many boys and girls came to see him. All were his old pupils.

- The radio receives only one channel but this is all that is broadcast in remote areas.

2. Tính từ all trước một danh từ số nhiều cũng có nghĩa là "tất cả" nhưng trước một danh từ số ít đếm được lại có nghĩa "trọn, nguyên". Trong trường hợp này người ta có thể thay bằng the whole.

- He played in the yard all mornings.

(Tất cả các buổi sáng.)

- He played in the yard all morning.

(Suốt buổi sáng. / Trọ cả buổi sáng)

3. Khi dùng bổ nghĩa cho một danh từ, all có thể được đặt ở trước hoặc sau danh từ đó.

- All the students agreed that the concert was good.

- The student all agreed that the concert was good.

4. Khi dùng bổ nghĩa cho một đại từ, all luôn luôn đặt sau đại từ đó.

- They all agreed that the concert was good.

5. Trong một số cấu trúc, all có thể là một trạng từ chỉ mực độ (adverb of degree).

- Jim lives all alone. (= completely)

- They sell their goods all over the world. (= everywhere)

Bài tập Đại từ bất định

Task 1. Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. ‘Got any money?’ ‘Not ________.’

A. any

B. each

C. less

D. much

2. ‘What’s that in your pocket?’ ‘Oh, ________.’

A. anything

B. everything

C. nothing

D. something

3. Didn’t you like it? ________ else did.

A. Anybody

B. Everybody

C. Nobody

D. Somebody

4. I’d like an ice cream. Are you having ________, too?

A. much

B. none

C. one

D. some

5. She wasn’t ________ before she got that job.

A. anyone

B. everyone

C. no one

D. someone

6. There’s ________ about this place that frightens me. I feel like I’m being watched...

A. anything

B. everything

C. nothing

D. something

7. We have three sons but ________ of them lives nearby.

A. all

B. each

C. none

D. some

8. They gave their ________ in the war.

A. all

B. every

C. everything

D. nothing

9. I’ve seen most of his movies. Only a ________ are as good as his first one.

A. bit

B. few

C. little

D. lot

10. If ________ of you are interested, we’ll organize a trip to the theatre.

A. any

B. enough

C. every

D. some

Đáp án:

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. C

5. A

6. D

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. B

Task 2: Chọn đáp án đúng.

1. ‘It’s a bill.’ ‘Oh no, not another / other!’

2. He raised one arm and then another / the other.

3. I don’t like this room. I’m going to ask for another / others.

4. Some designs are better than others / the others.

5. There’ll never be another / the others like Charlie.

6. We’ve all got problems of one kind or another / the other.

7. Karla went swimming while the other / the others played tennis.

8. This option is preferable to any another / other.

9. I’m not surprised he’s feeling ill – he was eating one ice cream after another / others!

10. Two buildings were destroyed and many other / others damaged in the blast.

Đáp án:

1. another	2. the other	3. another	4. others	5. another
6. another	7. the others	8. other	9. another	10. others

Task 3. Điền vào chỗ trống either hoặc neither.

1. ‘Do you prefer pork or beef?’ ‘I don’t like ________.’

2. ________ of my parents likes my boyfriend.

3. The offices on ________ side were empty.

4. We’ve got two TVs, but ________ works properly.

5. You can keep one of the photos. ________ of them—whichever you like.

6. ‘Which one would you choose?’ ‘________. They’re both terrible.’

7. ________ one of us is interested in gardening.

8. There are two types of qualification—________ is acceptable.

9. ‘Would you like the metal or plastic one?’ ‘________ will do.’

10. They produced two reports, ________ of which contained any useful suggestions.

Đáp án:

1. either	2. Neither	3. either	4. neither	5. either
6. neither	7. Neither	8. either	9. either	10. neither

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with [either/neither].

1. ___________ of these options is suitable for me.

2. You can choose ___________ red or blue dress.

3. She doesn't like ___________ of them.

4. We can select ___________ day for the meeting.

5. ___________ of the movies is worth watching.

6. ___________ of us can solve this problem.

7. He didn't come to the party, and ___________ did his girlfriend.

8. ___________ option is good for me.

9. He can't speak ___________ French or Spanish.

10. ___________ of the books you gave me are interesting.

11. ___________ you nor I have enough time to finish the project.

12. She can't decide ___________ to go to the beach or the mountains.

13. ___________ of the books is what I'm looking for.

14. I don't like ___________ of them.

15. They can't come to the party, and ___________ can their children.

16. You can wear ___________ black or white dress.

17. She can't speak ___________ English or German.

18. ___________ of the restaurants is open on Sunday.

19. My best friend wants to eat _______ meat or fish.

20. ________ my sister nor my brother is a doctor.

21. In your match, you _______ win or lose. It depends on your team.

22. We could _______ fly or go by train. It’s up to you.

23. I need _______my friend help nor my brother help. I can do it all alone.

Đáp án:

1. Neither	2. either		3. either	4. either		5. Neither
6. Neither	7. neither		8. Neither	9. either		10. Neither
11. Neither	12. either		13. Neither	14. either		15. neither
16. either	17. either		18. Neither	19. either		20. Neither
21. either … or		22. either			23. neither

Exercise 2. Rewrite the sentence.

1. John and Daniel didn't keep her secrets. (neither…nor)

2. Tommy should apologize or leave. (either...or)

3. Mary isn't very considerate. Neither is Daniel. (neither...nor)

4. Tommy used to date Anne. Or was it Mary? (either...or)

5. Jane never listens to or advises her friends when they have problems. (neither...nor)

6. June doesn’t like fruits. I don’t like fruits either. (neither…nor)

7. We could have lunch at home. We could also go to the restaurant to eat. (either…or)

8. She doesn’t like dogs or cats. (neither…nor)

9. I’m going to buy one of these skirts. One is pink, the other is black. (either…or)

10. Jane hasn’t got a computer. Tommy hasn’t got one, either. (neither…nor)

11. Is that her name Mary? Or is it Rachel? It’s one of the two. (either…or)

12. I’m not in Ha Noi city. I’m not in Ho Chi Minh city. (either…or)

13. She can leave Scotland today or she can leave Scotland tomorrow – whichever you prefer. (either…or)

14. John hasn’t got a smartphone. Peter hasn’t got one either. (neither…nor)

15. John doesn’t play badminton and he doesn’t play basketball. (neither…nor)

Đáp án:

1. Neither John nor Daniel kept her secrets.

2. Tommy should either apologize or leave.

3. Neither Mary nor Daniel is very considerate.

4. Tommy used to date either Anne or Mary.

5. Jane neither listens to nor advises her friends when they have problems.

6. Neither June nor I like fruits.

7. We could either have lunch at home or go to the restaurant to eat.

8. She likes neither dogs nor cats.

9. I’m going to buy either the pink skirt or the black one.

10. Neither Jane nor Tommy has got a laptop.

11. Her name is either Mary or Rachel.

12. I’m neither Ha Noi city Ho Chi Minh city.

13. She can leave Scotland either today or tomorrow.

14. Neither John nor Peter has got a smartphone.

15. John neither plays badminton nor plays basketball.

Exercise 3. Choose the best answer.

1. Neither Thang nor his classmates ________ going to the zoo today.

A. is

B. were

C. are

2. ________ I or my sister are singers.

A. Not

B. Either

C. Neither

3. My boyfriend doesn’t go on a picnic this weekend and we don’t, ________.

A. neither

B. too

C. either

4. Chien should prepare for the tests and ________ should you.

A. neither

B.  either

C. so

5. I do not like dancing, ________.

A. either

B. neither

C. too

6. A: “My father doesn’t think she told jokes.” – B: “________”

A. Neither do I.

B. Me, too.

C. So do I.

7. A: “My grandfather likes listening to music so much.” – B: “________”

A. Neither do I.

B. I do, too.

C. So am I.

Đáp án:

1. C

2. B

3. C

4. C

5. A

6. A

7. B

Các loạt bài khác:

• Đại từ nhân xưng: It & One

• Tính từ

• Mạo từ bất định A/AN

• Mạo từ xác định THE

• Đại từ quan hệ

• Đại từ chỉ định

• Đại từ bất định

• Đại từ bất định: Some, Any & No, Nothing, None

• Đại từ bất định: Other, Another & Each other, One another

• Trợ động từ - Cách dùng DO

• Trợ động từ BE

• Trợ động từ HAVE

• Động từ khuyết thiếu Can

• Động từ khuyết thiếu Could

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