Từ có hậu tố -ive & -al trong tiếng Anh

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Bí kíp luyện thi Part 5 TOEIC: Từ có hậu tố -ive & -al

Thông thường hậu tố -ive và –al là những dấu hiệu đặc trưng để nhận biết tính từ. Tuy nhiên, từ vựng và ngữ pháp trong bài thi TOEIC phức tạp hơn bạn tưởng rất nhiều.

Ví dụ đuôi -al

Bảng dưới đây liệt kê một số ví dụ minh họa cho từ có hậu tố là -al. Từ có hậu tố là -al có thể là danh từ, tính từ và động từ.

	Danh từ	Tính từ	Động từ
appraisal	Sự đánh giá
approval	Sự chấp thuận, phê chuẩn
arrival	Sự đến
capital	Thủ đô, vốn	Liên quan đến tính mạng (hình phạt)
collateral	Vật thế chấp
chemical	Chất hóa học	Liên quan đến hóa học
criminal	Tội phạm	Có tội
denial	Sự từ chối, phủ nhận
disposal	Sự vứt bỏ, thanh lý
festival	Ngày hội
general	Đại tướng (hàm cao nhất trong quân đội)	Chung chung
journal	Tạp chí, báo
manual	Sổ tay hướng dẫn	Làm bằng tay
material	Vật liệu, chất liệu
memorial	Tượng đài	Để tưởng nhớ
potential	Tiềm năng	Có tiềm năng
professional	Chuyên gia	Chuyên nghiệp
refusal	Sự từ chối
removal	Sự dời đi, sự tháo ra
signal	Dấu hiệu	Quan trọng	Báo hiệu
survival	Sự sống sót
trial	Sự thử, sự xử án, thử thách		Thử

Ví dụ đuôi -ive

Bảng dưới đây liệt kê một số ví dụ minh họa cho từ có hậu tố là -ive. Một số trường hợp chúng là danh từ, một số trường hợp là tính từ, và một số trường hợp vừa là tính từ, vừa là danh từ.

Ví dụ đuôi -ive

	Danh từ	Tính từ
additive	Chất phụ gia
adhesive	Chất dính	Bám chắc
adjective	Tính từ
collective	Tập thể	Mang tính tập thể
cooperative	Đối tác	Mang tính hợp tác
incentive	Động cơ, sự khích lệ
initiative	Sáng kiến
objective	Mục tiêu
offensive	Sự tấn công	Khó chịu, mang tính tấn công
perspective	Viễn cảnh
positive	Điểm tích cực, kết quả dương tính
preservative	Chất bảo quản	Để bảo quản
progressive	Người tiến bộ	Tiến bộ
relative	Họ hàng	Có liên quan
representative	Người đại diện	Tiêu biểu

Bài tập bổ sung Từ có hậu tố -ive

Exercise 1. Choose the correct answers.

1. This is an interesting and highly________ book.

A. informative

B. inform

C. information

D. informer

2. A political battle between ________ and conservatives occurred many years ago.

A. progress

B. progresses

C. progressive

D. progressives

3. The committee includes ________ from developed, developing and underdeveloped countries.

A. represent

B. representation

C. representative

D. representatives

4. The factory is now a workers'________.

A. cooperation

B. cooperate

C. cooperative

D. cooperatives

5. Applicants are recommended to complete an application form concisely to impress potential employers, without being too ________ or boring.

A. repeating

B. repetitive

C. repetition

D. repeat

6. There are lots of ________ that are prohibited in the European Union and many developed countries around the world, are not banned, but in fact regulated safe in the US.

A. preservative

B. preservatives

C. preservation

D. preservationist

7. The main ________ of this conference is to give more information on our project.

A. object

B. objection

C. objective

D. objectively

8. In this sense there are two distinct philosophical ________ offered here.

A. perspectivity

B. perspective

C. perspectively

D. perspectives

9. Many educational and instructional programs are ________.

A. interactive

B. interaction

C. interact

D. interactives

10. One of the less ________ features of California is the threat of earthquakes.

A. attractive

B. attraction

C. attract

D. attractively

Đáp án: 

1. A

2. D

3. D

4. C

5. B

6. B

7. C

8. D

9. A

10. A

Exercise 2. Put the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the following sentences.

1. All Susan’s friends and ________ came to her birthday party. (RELATE)

2. They are a very close-knit family and also very ________ of one another. (SUPPORT)

3. You know, it is still spectacular and ________ although our team didn’t win the cup for the following two reasons. (IMPRESS)

4. We find Huong very ________. (COMMUNICATE)

5. Sony is a big firm which is ________ in Vietnamese's market. (COMPETE)

6. I find that this magazine is very ________. (INFORM)

7. Boys often enjoy doing things in a ________ way. (CREATE)

8. Are you sure that boys are more ________ than girls? (ACT)

9. Of course, many of the ________ could have also been accomplished by regulations. (OBJECT)

10. A ________ from the tour company will meet you at the check-in. (REPRESENT)

Đáp án:

1. relatives                          6. informative

2. supportive                       7. creative

3. impressive                       8. active

4. communicative                9. objectives

5. competitive                      10. representative

Exercise 3. Add the ending “-ive” to the words below.

1. addict                  → ___________________

2. act                       → ___________________

3. attract                  → ___________________

4. collect                 → ___________________

5. create                   → ___________________

6. interact                → ___________________

7. cooperate            → ___________________

8. decide                 → ___________________

9. sense                   → ___________________

10. support              → ___________________

Đáp án:

1. addictive	2. active	3. attractive	4. collective	5. creative
6. interactive	7. cooperative	8. decisive	9. sensitive	10. supportive

Exercise 4. Arrange the sentences with the given words.

1. collectives/ has/ not/ The/ final/ on/ been/ curtain/ drawn.

→ _____________________________________________.

2. was/ a/ creative/ difficult/ We/ creative/ felt/ that/ it/ solution/ to/ a/ problem.

→ _____________________________________________.

3. The/ as/ a/ cooperative./ is/ magazine/ run/

→ _____________________________________________.

4. The/ is/ to/ make/ that/ people/ our/ organization/ sure/ stay/ goal/ of/ active.

→ _____________________________________________.

5. and/ birth/ control/ sensitive/ Sex/ education/ issues./ are/

→ _____________________________________________.

6. interesting/ This/ is/ book./ an/ and/ highly/ informative/

→ _____________________________________________.

7. Children/ with/ than/ others./ supportive/ often/ parents/ at/ do/ better/ school

→ _____________________________________________.

8. programme/ be/ a/ note/ can/ useful/ aid./ An/ informative/

→ _____________________________________________.

9. very/ sensitive/ He/ was/ his/ scar./ about/

→ _____________________________________________.

10. He/ role/ takes/ team/ in/ an/ active/ the/ nowadays.

→ _____________________________________________.

Đáp án:

1. The final curtain on collectives has not been drawn.

2. We felt that it was a creative solution to a difficult problem.

3. The magazine is run as a cooperative.

4. The goal of our organization is to make sure that people stay active.

5. Sex education and birth control are sensitive issues.

6. This is an interesting and highly informative book.

7. Children with supportive parents often do better at school than others.

8. An informative programme note can be a useful aid.

9. He was very sensitive about his scar.

10. He takes an active role in the team nowadays.

Bài tập bổ sung Từ có hậu tố -al

Exercise 1. Put the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the following sentences.

1. Secondly, our team is the representative of patriotism and pride of _______ identity. (NATION)

2. There are many _______ programs at the Festival in Hue. (CULTURE)

3. The ao dai is the _______ dress of Vietnamese women. (TRADITION)

4. Pollution is a threat to the _______ environment. (GLOBE)

5. France was a _______ power. (COLONY)

6. She is quite _______: she plays the flute and the piano. (MUSIC)

7. His _______ knowledge is very poor – he thinks Paris is in Italy. (GEOGRAPHY)

8. There's a long history of _______ disputes at the factory. (INDUSTRY)

9. If we continue to deplete the earth's _______ resources, we will cause serious damage to the environment. (NATURE)

10. Could I talk to you about a _______ matter? (PERSON)

Đáp án:

1. national	2. cultural	3. traditional	4. global	5. colonial
6. musical	7. geographical	8. industrial	9. natural	10. personal

Exercise 2. Choose the correct answers.

1. She will have to put up her house as _______ for the loan and agree to give it to the bank if she cannot pay the money back on time.

A. collection

B. collateral

C. collector

D. collect

2. Radioactive waste must be _______ of safely.

A. disposed

B. disposing

C. disposal

D. disposition

3. The bell rang was a _______ for the children to line up for breakfast.

A. sign

B. signal

C. signature

D. significant

4. Those _______ who want to gain automatic access to the information are advised to enter the password that was sent to them by email.

A. individual

B. individuals

C. individualist

D. individualists

5. The ASEAN Economic Community offers excellent _______ for retail sales.

A. potential

B. potentiality

C. potentialities

D. potentially

6. The initial spending of assets for the construction of the new streetcar lanes has been cited by newspapers as the main reason for the project's _______.

A. dismiss

B. dismissal

C. dismissive

D. dismissively

7. The union's _______ to accept anything less than a 5% pay raise has led to drivers' agreement to call off their strike.

A. refuse

B. refusing

C. refusal

D. refused

8. The owner of the supermarket is particularly _______ of food that is wasted due to inappropriate storage.

A. critic

B. critical

C. critically

D. criticism

9. The new strategy has not yet to receive _______ from the board.

A. approving

B. approved

C. approval

D. approves

10. In retrospect, looking at how she was acting, we should have been able to recognize the danger _______.

A. signature

B. signal

C. signaling

D. signals

Đáp án: 

1. B

2. C

3. B

4. B

5. A

6. B

7. C

8. B

9. C

10. D

Exercise 3. Add the ending “-al” to the words below.

1. magic                  → ___________________

2. nation                  → ___________________

3. music                   → ___________________

4. industry               → ___________________

5. culture                 → ___________________

6. nature                  → ___________________

7. person                  → ___________________

8. internation          → ___________________

9. sign                     → ___________________

10. survive              → ___________________

Đáp án:

1. magical	2. national	3. musical	4. industrial	5. cultural
6. natural	7. personal	8. international	9. signal	10. survival

Exercise 4. Arrange the sentences with the given words.

1. The/ is/ that/ his/ as/ makes/ magical/ as/ catfortune/ the/ bells.

→ ________________________________________________.

2. but/ busy/ getting/ call/ a/ signal./ I/ kept/ tried/ to/

→ ________________________________________________.

3. It/ is/ social/ a/ study/ Michelangelo/ lived/ of/ the/ milieu/ in/ and/ cultural/ which/ and/ worked.

→ ________________________________________________.

4. helps/ the/ A/ good/ body's/ natural/ diet/ defenses./ build/

→ ________________________________________________.

5. of/ a/ large/ She/ CEO/ international/ was/ the/ company./

→ ________________________________________________.

6. traditional/ children/ were/ national/ costumes./ The/ wearing/

→ ________________________________________________.

7. He/ in/ 2008./ an/ lost/ his/ industrial/ hand/ accident/ in/  

→ ________________________________________________.

8. Floods/ natural/ and/ earthquakes/ disasters./ are/

→ ________________________________________________.

9. vote/ in/ the/ She/ young/ to/ national/ was/ too/ election.

→ ________________________________________________.

10. The/ Davis/ tennis/ is/ international/ an/ Cup/ important/ championship.

→ ________________________________________________.

Đáp án:

1. The cat that makes his fortune is as magical as the bells.

2. I tried to call but kept getting a busy signal.

3. It is a study of the social and cultural milieu in which Michelangelo lived and worked.

4. A good diet helps build the body's natural defenses.

5. She was the CEO of a large international company.

6. The children were wearing traditional national costumes.

7. He lost his hand in an industrial accident in 2008.

8. Floods and earthquakes are natural disasters.

9. She was too young to vote in the national election.

10. The Davis Cup is an important international tennis championship.

Ngoài ra, nếu bạn cần tham khảo thêm về Hậu tố trong tiếng Anh, mời bạn click chuột vào Hậu tố trong tiếng Anh.

Bài tập luyện thi Part 5 TOEIC

Ứng với mỗi bài đọc trong loạt bài Part 5 TOEIC này, mình sẽ cung cấp một bài tập áp dụng giúp bạn ôn luyện luôn phần vừa đọc, từ đó giúp bạn nắm vững hơn phần đã được hướng dẫn.

Để làm bài tập áp dụng, mời bạn click chuột vào Bài tập luyện thi TOEIC.

Các bài bí kíp luyện thi TOEIC khác:

• Tính từ và trạng từ giống nhau

• Tính từ đuôi -ing & -ed

• Danh từ không đếm được

• Từ có hậu tố -ive & -al

• Hình thức so sánh đặc biệt

• Từ nhấn mạnh trong câu so sánh

• Cách dùng IN & OF trong so sánh nhất

• Sử dụng V-ing hay Danh từ

• V + to V/ V-ing

• Mạo từ

• Trạng từ quan hệ

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