Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh

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Bài viết Đảo ngữ gồm ngữ pháp Đảo ngữ chi tiết và bài tập Đảo ngữ có lời giải giúp học sinh nắm vững cách sử dụng Đảo ngữ trong tiếng Anh.

Lý thuyết Đảo ngữ

Đảo ngữ cũng là một chủ đề được đề cập đến trong bài thi TOEIC. Trước khi đi vào tìm hiểu các cấu trúc đảo ngữ, chúng ta cùng tìm hiểu đảo ngữ trong tiếng anh là gì.

Đảo ngữ là gì ?

Đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh ý.

Nói chung, khi nói đến đảo ngữ, chúng ta quan tâm tới hai vấn đề sau:

- Đảo ngữ khi nào ?

- Đảo ngữ bằng việc đảo trợ động từ hay động từ lên trước chủ ngữ ?

Cấu trúc đảo ngữ

Đảo ngữ thường được dùng với những cấu trúc sau:

No/Not any + N + Trợ động từ + S + V

- No letter did I receive last month.

- Not any letters did I receive last month.

Never/Rarely/Seldom/Little/Hardly ever + Trợ động từ + S + V

- Rarely has a debate attracted so much media attention.

Only + after/when/by/if + ...

Với cấu trúc này, chúng ta có nhiều cấu trúc có dạng tương tự như sau:

Only after danh từ/V-ing/mệnh đề (Chỉ sau khi)	+ Trợ động từ + S + V/be + S + ...
Only by + danh từ/V-ing (Chỉ bằng cách)
Only if + mệnh đề (Chỉ nếu)
Only in + trạng từ chỉ time/place
(Chỉ khi nào/ở đâu)
Only with + danh từ (Chỉ với)
Only when + mệnh đề/V-ing (Chỉ khi)
Only in this way (Chỉ bằng cách này)
Only in that way (Chỉ bằng cách đó)
Only once (Chỉ một lần )
Only later (Chỉ sau này)
Only then (Chỉ khi đó)

Ví dụ:

- Only after completing the homework is he allowed to play games.

- Only by eating well and exercising regularly could you keep healthy.

- Only if the red light comes on is there any danger to employees.

- Only with ability to speak English fluently could you apply for this position.

- Only when I arrive at the hotel will I call you.

- Only in this way could you handle this problem.

No sooner + Trợ động từ + S + V + than + mệnh đề.

và cấu trúc Hardly/Bearly/Scarely + Trợ động từ + S + V + when + mệnh đề.

- No sooner had she said it than she burst into tears.

- Hardly had we settle down in our seats when the lights went out.

Not only + Trợ động từ + S + V/be+ S + but ... also ...

- Not only is he good at English but he also draws very well.

So + tính từ/trạng từ + Trợ động từ + S + V + that + mệnh đề.

và cấu trúc So + tính từ + be + S + that + mệnh đề.

- So quickly did she run that the others couldn't catch up with her.

- So difficult is the exam that no one in the class could complete it.

Not until/till + mệnh đề/trạng từ chỉ time + Trợ động từ + S + V

- Not until/till I got home did I find that I had left my laptop at the office.

Đảo ngữ với các cụm từ chứa NO

At no time (Chưa bao giờ)	+ Trợ động từ + S + V/be + S + ...
For no reason (Không vì lý do gì)
In no way (Không có cách nào)
No longer (Không còn)
On no condition (Trong điều kiện nào cũng không)
On no account (Với bất kỳ lý do gì cũng không)
Under/In no circumstances (Trong bất kỳ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không)

Ví dụ:

- At no time did go to work on time.

- For no reason must you cheat in accounting.

- In no way could I help you in this case.

Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện

- Câu điều kiện loại I

Should + S + động từ nguyên thể, S +will/may/might/can/... + động từ nguyên thể.

- Câu điều kiện loại II :

Were + S +..., S +would/might/could/... + động từ nguyên thể.

Were + S + to + động từ nguyên thể/..., S + would/might/could/... + động từ nguyên thể.

- Câu điều kiện loại III

Had + S + quá khứ phân từ, S + would/might/could + have + quá khứ phân từ.

Ví dụ:

- Should she get up late,she will miss the bus.

- Were I to meet her, I would invite her to my birthday party.

- Had he studied hard,he could complete this exam this morning.

Bài tập Đảo ngữ

Task 1. Điền một từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.

1. Such a long way __________ it that we decided to go by train.

2. So badly __________ I play chess that I almost never agree to have a game.

3. Pupils are expected to behave politely, as __________ members of staff.

4. So tired __________ I that I decided to lie down for a while.

5. Such a threat to society __________ you that I have no choice but to send you to prison.

6. So cold __________ it last winter that all our pipes froze.

7. Calculators are banned from the examining room, as __________ dictionaries and handheld computers.

8. I have been having very strange dreams lately, as __________ my twin sister.

Đáp án:

1. was	2. do	3. are	4. was
5. are	6. was	7. are	8. has

Task 2. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.

1. Photographs are not permitted under any circumstances.

⮚ Under ______________________________________________.

2. We’ve never faced such a serious problem as this.

⮚ Never ______________________________________________.

3. I only realised it was Vanessa when she removed her hat.

⮚ Only _______________________________________________.

4. The audience didn’t laugh at any point during the show.

⮚ At _________________________________________________.

5. As soon as Patrick had finished the e-mail, he sent it.

⮚ No _________________________________________________.

6. It wasn’t clear who was going to win the match until the last few minutes.

⮚ Not ________________________________________________.

7. Dennis passed his driving test and had an accident almost immediately afterwards.

⮚ Hardly ______________________________________________.

8. I didn’t learn the result of the match until I read the evening paper.

⮚ Only ________________________________________________.

9. The president will not resign under any circumstances.

⮚ Under _______________________________________________.

10. The accused showed no emotion at any time during the trial.

⮚ At __________________________________________________.

Đáp án:

1. no circumstances are photographs permitted

2. before have we faced such a serious problem as this

3. when Vanessa removed her hat did I realise it was her

4. no point during the show did the audience laugh

5. sooner had Patrick finished the e-mail than he sent it

6. until the last few minutes was it clear who was going to win the match

7. had Dennis passed his driving test when he had an accident

8. when I read the evening paper did I learn the result of the match

9. no circumstances will the president resign

10. no time during the trial did the accused show any emotion

Task 3. Tích nếu đúng hoặc sửa lại nếu sai.

1. Hardly I had sat down when the doorbell rang. ____________

2. Scarcely had Julian finished writing when the teacher told the students to put their pens down. ____________

3. We had barely set off on our journey when the kids started asking when we would get there. ____________

4. No sooner the government changes the tax laws than businesses find a way around them. ____________

5. Scarcely they had finished painting the house when it started to rain. ____________

6. Hardly it had been installed when the new computer system started to go wrong. ____________

7. It’s true that no sooner we had started eating than we realised we had forgotten the potatoes. ____________

8. Barely had the politician started to speak when began the crowd to boo. ____________

9. Hardly the new park was finished when vandals destroyed the flowerbeds. ____________

10. Scarcely Keith had arrived in Argentina when he was arrested. ____________

Đáp án:

1. had I sat down	2. ü
3. ü	4. does the government change
5. had they finished	6. had it been installed
7. had we started	8. the crowd began
9. had the new park been finished	10. had Keith arrived

Task 4. Điền từ/ cụm từ đúng vào chỗ trống.

at no point        in no way        little       never        not        not only         only after        on no account       rarely       under no circumstances

1. _______________ were the security guards to blame for what happened.

2. _______________ once did the old woman thank me for helping her.

3. _______________ seeing the doctor was Theresa allowed to leave hospital.

4. _______________ will passengers be allowed to carry more than 6 kg of hand luggage.

5. _______________ were you late, but you also forgot to bring the correct documents.

6. _______________ during the meeting did anyone mention that the managing director was planning to leave.

7. _______________ did the passengers know that the driver was really an undercover police officer.

8. _______________ do you meet anyone as charming as Mr Beeching.

9. _______________ should unaccompanied children be allowed to enter the area.

10. _______________ before has the company failed such a strict safety inspection.

Đáp án:

1. In no way	2. Not	3. Only after
4. On no account	5. Not only	6. At no point
7. Little	8. Rarely	9. Under no circumstances
10. Never

Task 5. Hoàn thành câu dùng gợi ý trong ngoặc.

1. Not until the area is made safe _______________. (construction / can continue)

2. In no way _______________ how strongly we felt about the situation. (the announcement / affect)

3. Seldom _______________ a vintage car in quite such good condition these days. (you / see)

4. Not only _______________ my birthday, but he also forgot our wedding anniversary. (Jerry / forget)

5. At no time _______________ my opinion on the subject. (I / ask)

6. Only when _______________ the ticket again did I realise that I had won first prize! (I / check)

7. Little _______________ that I had a big surprise planned for her. (Caroline / realise)

8. Under no circumstances _______________ a contract you haven’t read thoroughly. (you / should sign)

9. At no stage _______________ likely that Wilkinson would win the championship. (it / appear)

10. Only if the weather is clear _______________ to launch. (the space shuttle / will allow)

Đáp án:

1. can construction continue	2. did the announcement affect
3. do you see	4. did Jerry forget
5. have I been asked	6. I checked
7. did Caroline realise	8. should you sign
9. did it appear	10. will the space shuttle be allowed

Bài tập luyện thi Part 5 TOEIC

Ứng với mỗi bài đọc trong loạt bài Part 5 TOEIC này, mình sẽ cung cấp một bài tập áp dụng giúp bạn ôn luyện luôn phần vừa đọc, từ đó giúp bạn nắm vững hơn phần đã được hướng dẫn.

Để làm bài tập áp dụng, mời bạn click chuột vào Bài tập luyện thi TOEIC.

Các bài bí kíp luyện thi TOEIC khác:

• Phân biệt Spend & Waste

• Phân biệt Find/Keep/Make

• Phân biệt Sometimes/Some time/Sometime

• Phân biệt a few/Few & a little/little

• Hundred/Hundreds of & Thousand/Thousands of

• Used to/Be used to/Get used to/Become used to

• Từ có nghĩa tương đương Because

• Câu điều kiện

• Đảo ngữ

• Thức giả định

• Sử dụng Tiền tố đoán nghĩa của từ

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