V + V-ing hay V + To trong tiếng Anh (Phần 3)

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Chương này chúng ta tiếp tục tìm hiểu các động từ có thể được theo sau bởi cấu trúc V-ing hoặc cấu trúc To... và mang ý nghĩa khác nhau tương ứng với từng cấu trúc.

A. Nhóm động từ Like, Love và Hate dễ hiểu nhất (bài tập có giải)

like	love	hate	can't bear
enjoy	dislike	mind	can't stand

    Những động từ và thành ngữ này đều có nghĩa chung là "thích" hay "không thích". Chúng thường được theo sau bởi V-ing.

Ví dụ:

- Ann hates flying.

(Ann không thích đi máy bay.)

- Why do you dislike living here?

(Vì sao bạn không thích sống ở đây?)

- I don't like people shouting at me. (=I don't like being shouted at)

(Tôi không thích người ta quát nạt tôi.)

    Sau các động từ love, hate và can't bear, chúng ta cũng có thể sử dụng to...

Ví dụ:

- I love meeting people. hoặc I love to meet people.

(Tôi thích gặp gỡ mọi người.)

- She can't bear being alone. hoặc She can't bear to be alone.

.

(Cô ấy không chịu nổi cảnh sống một mình.)

    Nhưng sau các động từ enjoy/dislike/mind/can't stand, chúng ta chỉ được sử dụng V-ing (không sử dụng to...)

Ví dụ:

- I enjoy being alone. (KHÔNG nói 'I enjoy to be')

(Tôi thích ở một mình.)

- Tom doesn't mind working at night. (KHÔNG nói 'mind to work')

(Tom không ngại làm việc vào ban đêm.)

Động từ Like

    Bạn có thể nói "I like doing something" hay "I like to do something" (=Tôi thích làm việc gì đó). Thường không có sự khác biệt nào khi sử dụng hai cấu trúc này.

Ví dụ:

- I like getting up early. hoặc I like to get up early.

(Tôi thích dậy sớm.)

Trong tiếng Anh Anh (British English), đôi khi có sự khác biệt giữa "I like doing" và "I like to do".

• I like doing something có nghĩa là Tôi thích làm việc gì đó.

- Do you like cooking? (=do you enjoy it?)

(Bạn có thích nấu nướng không?)

- I like living here. (=I enjoy it)

(Tôi thích sống ở đây.)

• I like to do something có nghĩa là Tôi nghĩ đó là một việc tốt cần làm hay phải làm.

- I like to clean the kitchen as often as possible.

(This doesn't mean that I enjoy it; it means that I think it is a good thing to do)

(Tôi muốn lau chùi nhà bếp càng thường xuyên càng tốt.)

(điều này không có nghĩa là tôi thích việc lau chùi; nó có nghĩa rằng tôi nghĩ đó là một việc cần thiết nên làm)

- Mary likes people to be on time.

(Mary thích những người đúng giờ.)

C. Would like/would love/would hate/would prefer dễ hiểu nhất (bài tập có giải)

    Would like/would love/would hate/would prefer thường được theo sau bởi to + động từ nguyên thể.

Ví dụ:

- I would like to be rich.?

(Tôi muốn trở nên giàu có.)

- Would you like to come to dinner on Friday?

(Bạn có muốn đến dùng bữa tối vào thứ Sáu?)

- I'd love (=would love) to be able to travel round the world.

(Tôi muốn có thể đi du lịch vòng quanh thế giới.)

- Would you prefer to have dinner now or late?

(Bạn muốn dùng bữa tối bây giờ hay muộn hơn.)

So sánh I like và I would like:

- I like playing/to play tennis. (=I enjoy it in general)

(Tôi thích chơi quần vợt.)

- I would like to play tennis today. (=I want to play today)

(Hôm nay tôi muốn chơi quần vợt.)

Ghi chú: Lưu ý rằng would mind được theo sau bởi cấu trúc V-ing.

- Would you mind closing the door, please?

(Bạn có thể đóng cửa lại được không?)

D. Cấu trúc I would like to have done something

    Bạn có thể nói "I would like to have done something" với nghĩa là "Bây giờ tôi tiếc là tôi đã không làm hay không thể làm được điều đó".

Ví dụ:

- It's a pity we didn't see Val when we were in London. I would like to have seen her again

(Thật đáng buồn là chúng tôi đã không gặp Val khi chúng tôi ở London. Tôi muốn gặp cô ấy một lần nữa.)

- We'd like to have gone on holiday but we didn't have enough money.

(Chúng tôi muốn đi nghỉ mát nhưng chúng tôi đã không có đủ tiền.)

    Bạn cũng có thể sử dụng cấu trúc tương tự sau would love/would hate/would prefer.

Ví dụ:

- Poor old Tom! I would hate to have been in his position.

(Thật tội nghiệp cho ông bạn già Tom! Tôi chẳng muốn rơi vào tình thế của ông ấy.)

- I'd love to have gone to the party but it was impossible.

(Tôi thích đến dự buổi tiệc nhưng đã không thể đến được.)

Bài tập vận dụng

Exercise 1. Choose the best answer.

1. How much time do you spend _______ TV every day?

A. watch

B. to watch

C. watching

D. in watching

2. I would love _______ to your party! Thank you for inviting me.

A. come

B. coming

C. to come

D. came

3. Could you help me _______ the kitchen? It’s a real mess!

A. tidy

B. tidied

C. tidying

D. with tidying

4. Steven dislikes _______, so he usually takes a bus to work.

A. to drive

B. to be driven

C. be driven

D. driving

5. Marlene can’t wait _______ to the beach again.

A. to go

B. going

C. for going

D. go

6. I always enjoy _______ to my grandfather. He always tells me great stories.

A. to talk

B. to talking

C. talking

D. talk

7. The doctor advised me _______  jogging every morning.

A. went

B. go

C. to go

D. going

8. May I suggest you let _______.

A. Mary doing so

B. Mary do so

C. Mary does so

D. Mary to do so

9. She _______ him when he called her.

A. pretended not hear

B. pretended she heard not

C. pretended not to hear

D. did not pretended hear

10. John is too stupid _______ understand this.

A. to

B. not to

C. to not

D. for

11. My father has decided _______ a new house.

A. find

B. to find

C. finding

D. him find

12. My father is _______ to stay up late.

A. too tired

B. enough tired

C. tired enough

D. so tired

13. She told Mary _______ up hope.

A. not give

B. do not give

C. not to give

D. to give not

14. She explained _______.

A. how to make it

B. me to make it

C. me how to make it

D. me make it

15. She is very glad _______ see you again.

A. in

B. with

C. to

D. for

Đáp án:

1. C	2. C	3. A	4. D	5. A
6. C	7. C	8. B	9. C	10. A
11. B	12. A	13. C	14. A	15. C

Exercise 2. Choose the underlined part among A, B, C, or D that needs correcting.

1. I’m (A) sure he is incapable of (B) run (C) a mile in (D) four minutes.

2. There is (A) a lot of (B) work (C) doing (D) here.

3. We’re (A) looking forward (B) to see (C) you again (D).

4. I warned (A) them not climb (B) the mountain in (C) such bad weather (D).

5. You can congratulate (A) yourself (B) about (C) having done (D) an excellent job.

Đáp án:

1. C (run → running)

2. C (doing → to do)

3. C (to see → to seeing)

4. B (climb → to climb)

5. C (about → on)

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the to-infinitive or -ing form of the verbs in brackets.

1. I tried hard _______ (concentrate), but my mind kept _______ (wander).

2. Tonight I’d like _______ (go) out, but I have to do my homework.

3. If I can choose, I prefer _______ (stay) at home to _______ (play) sport.

4. I detested _______ (spend) two hours every day travelling to work and back.

5. I’d like _______ (have) a look at your new car.

6. It’s difficult _______ (get) used to getting up early.

7. Sue loves _______ (make) origami. She can fold some animals, birds and flowers.

8. I am a little busy. Would you mind _______ (wait) a little longer?

9. I’m looking forward _______ (see) you again.

10. I don’t enjoy _______ (go) to the dentist.

Đáp án:

1. to concentrate – wandering	2. to go
3. staying – playing	4. spending
5. to have	6. to get
7. making / to make	8. waiting
9. to seeing	10. going

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Put the correct form of the verbs.

1.They are used to (prepare) _______ new lessons.

2. By (work) _______ day and night, he succeeded in (finish) _______ the job in time.

3. His doctor advised him (give) _______ up (smoke) _______.

4. Please stop (talk) _______. We will stop (eat) _______ lunch in ten minutes.

5. Stop (argue) _______ and start (work) _______.

6. I like (think) _______ carefully about things before (make) _______ decision.

7. Ask him (come) _______ in. Don`t keep him (stand) _______ at the door.

8. Did you succeed in (solve) _______ the problem?

9. Don’t forget (lock) _______ the door before (go) _______ to bed.

10. Don’t try (persuade) _______ me. Nothing can make me (change) _______ my mind.

Đáp án:

1. preparing	2. working – finishing
3. to give – smoking	4. talking – to eat
5. arguing – working / to work	6. to think – making
7. to come – standing	8. solving
9. to lock – going	10. to persuade - change

Exercise 2. Put the correct form of the verbs.

1. Sally and her family love (go) _______ to the park in the summer.

2. Her mum likes (lie) _______ on the blanket and loves (read) _______ her favourite magazines.

3. Anna’s family (like) _______ the park because they love (be) _______ outdoors.

4. I enjoy (collect) _______ dolls and it becomes my pleasure.

5. We love (watch) new films, and we (go) _______ to watch a new Hollywood film next weekend.

6. My brother hates (do) _______ the same things day after day.

7. Would you mind _______ (watch) my bag for a few minutes?

8. I enjoy _______ (listen) to music while I’m doing the cooking.

9. He wants _______ (buy) a new computer game.

10. I’d like _______ (speak) to Mr. Davis, please. Is he there?

11. Please avoid _______ (make) silly mistakes in this exercise.

12. The children would love _______ (eat) French fries.

13. She really loves _______ (work) with children.

14. We tried _______ (call) you but your mobile was off.

15. They intend _______ (build) houses on the school playing fields.

16. I am learning (speak) _______English.

17. Do you mind (give) _______me a hand?

18. She helped me (carry) _______my suitcases.

19. I've finished (cook) _______ - come and eat!

20. He decided (study) _______ biology.

Đáp án:

1. going / to go	11. making
2. lying - reading	12. to eat
3. likes - being	13. working
4. collecting	14. to call
5. watching – are going	15. to build
6. doing	16. to speak
7. watching	17. giving
8. listening	18. carry / to carry
9. to buy	19. cooking
10. to speak	20. to study

Để làm bài tập V + V-ing hay V + To V, mời bạn click chuột vào chương: Bài tập V + V-ing hay V + To V.

Các loạt bài khác:

• V + V-ing

• V + to infinitive

• V + (Object) + to infinitive

• V + V-ing hay V + to (I)

• V + V-ing hay V + to (II)

• V + V-ing hay V + to (III)

• Prefer & Would Rather

• Giới từ + V-ing

• Be/get used to + V-ing

• V + giới từ + V-ing

• Thành ngữ + V-ing

• Giới từ to, for và so that

• Tính từ + to V

• Afraid to/of và giới từ + V-ing

• See sb do và see sb doing

• Mệnh đề V-ing (-ing Clause)

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