Cấu trúc Câu bị động theo các thì đầy đủ, chi tiết

I. Khái niệm và cách dùng chung của câu bị động

- Câu bị động được dùng khi ta muốn nhấn mạnh vào hành động trong câu, tác nhân gây ra hành động dù là người hay vật gì cũng không quá quan trọng.

II. Cấu trúc câu bị động

* Cấu trúc chung câu bị động

Active: S + V + O + …….

Passive: S + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……

VD: My sister does the homework everyday

-> The homework is done by my sister everyday

Các chú ý khi đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:

- Tân ngữ câu chủ động thành chủ ngữ câu chủ động.

- Câu chủ động ở thì nào thì “be” ở câu bị động chia ở thì đó.

- By + O đứng trước trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian, đứng sau trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn. Nếu sau “by” là đại từ vô nhân xưng (I, you, we, they, he, she) và các chủ ngữ mang nghĩa người ta như people, somebody,… thì ta bỏ “by O” đi.

- Nếu là người hoặc vật trực tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “by” nếu là vật gián tiếp gây ra hành động thì dùng “with”.

Ex: The bird was shot with the gun. The bird was shot by the hunter.

* Cấu trúc câu bị động cụ thể đối với các thì tiếng Anh cơ bản

Các thì

Chủ động

Bị động

1. Hiện tại đơn

S + V(s/es) + O

Ví dụ:

- Mary studies English every day.

( Mary học tiếng Anh hàng ngày)

S+ is/am/are + P2 + (by + O)

Ví dụ:

- English is studied by Mary everyday.

( Hàng ngày, tiếng Anh được học bởi Mary)

2. Hiện tại tiếp diễn

S + is/am/are + V-ing + O

Ví dụ:

- He is planting some trees now.

Bây giờ anh ấy đang trồng một vài cây

S + is/am/are + being + P2 + (by + O)

Ví dụ:

- Some trees are being planted (by him) now.

Bây giờ một vài cái cây đang trồng( bởi anh ấy)

3. Quá khứ đơn

S + V-ed + O

Ví dụ:

- She wrote a letter yesterday.

Ngày hôm qua, cô ấy đang viết một lá thư

S + was/were + P2 + (by + O)

Ví dụ:

- A letter was written (by her) yesterday.

Ngày hôm qua, một là thư được viết ( bởi cô ấy)

4. Quá khứ tiếp diễn

S + was/were + V-ing + O

Ví dụ:

- They were buying a car at 9 am yesterday.

Ngày hôm qua vào lúc 9 giờ sáng, họ đang mua một cái ô tô

S + was/were +being + P2 + (by + O)

Ví dụ:

- A car was being bought at 9 am yesterday.

Vào lúc 9 giờ sáng ngày hôm qua, một chiếc ô tô đang được mua

5. Hiện tại hoàn thành

S + have/ has + P2 + O

Ví dụ:

- My friend has done English exercises for two hours.

Bạn tôi đã làm bài tập tiếng Anh được hai tiếng rồi

S + have/ has + been + P2 + (by + O)

Ví dụ:

- English exercises have done by my friends for two hours

Bài tập tiếng Anh đã được làm bởi bạn tôi được hai tiếng gì

6. Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn

S + have/ has + been + V-ing + O

Ví dụ:

- John has been repairing this car for 2 hours.

John đã đang sửa chiếc xe ô tô này được 2 tiếng rồi

S + have/ has + been + being + P2 +(by + O)

Ví dụ:

- This car has been being repaired by John for 2 hours.

Chiếc xe ô tô đã đang được sửa bởi John trong vòng hai tiếng rồi

7. Quá khứ hoàn thành

S + had + P2 + O

Ví dụ:

- He had finished his report before 10 p.m yesterday.

Trước 10 giờ tối ngày hôm qua, anh ấy đã hoàn thành bản báo cáo của mình

S + had + been + P2 + (by O)

Ví dụ:

- His report had been finished before 10 p.m yesterday.

Bản báo cáo của anh ấy đã được hoàn thành trước 10 giờ tối ngày hôm qua

8. Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn

S + had + been + V-ing + O

Ví dụ:

- I had been typing the essay for 3 hours before you came yesterday.

Anh ấy đã đáng gõ bài văn này được 3 tiếng trước khi bạn đến vào ngày hôm qua

S + had + been + being + P2 + (by+ O)

Ví dụ:

- The essay had been being typed for 3 hours before you came yesterday.

Bài văn đã đang được gõ trong vòng 3 tiếng trước khi bạn đến ngày hôm qua

9. Tương lai đơn

S + will + V(nguyên thể) + O

Ví dụ:

- She will do a lot of things tomorrow.

Cô ấy sẽ phải làm rất nhiều việc vào ngày mai

S + will + be + P2 + (by O)

Ví dụ:

- A lot of things will be done tomorrow.

Rất nhiều việc sẽ được làm vào ngày mai

10. Tương lai tiếp diễn

S + will + be +V-ing + O

Ví dụ:

- She will be taking care of her children at this time tomorrow

Vào thời điểm này ngày mai, cô ấy sẽ đang chăm sóc con mình

S + will + be + being + P2 + (by O)

Ví dụ:

- Her children will be being taken care of at this time tomorrow.

Con của ấy sẽ đang được chăm sóc vào thời điểm này ngày mai

11. Tương lai hoàn thành

S + will + have + P2 + O

Ví dụ:

- She will have finished her studying by the end of this year.

Cô ấy sẽ hoàn thành xong việc học trước cuối năm nay

S + will + have + been + P2 + (by O)

Ví dụ:

- Her studying will have been finished by the end of this year.

Việc học của cô ấy sẽ được hoàn thành trức cuối năm nay

12. Tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn

S + will + have + been + V-ing + O

Ví dụ:

- I will have been teaching English for 5 years by next week.

Tôi sẽ đang dạy tiếng Anh được năm nay vào trước tuần sau

S + will + have +been + being + P2 + (by O)

Ví dụ:

- English will have been being taught for 5 years by next week.

Tiếng Anh sẽ đang dạy được năm năm vào trước tuần sau

Bài tập

Bài 1: Chuyển các câu sau sang thể bị động.

1. The waiter brings me this dish.

2. Our friends send these postcards to us.

3. Their grandmother told them this story when they visited her last week.

4. Tim ordered this train ticket for his mother.

5. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

6. Jim baked this cake yesterday.

7. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.

8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

9. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

10. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?

11. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.

12. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.

13. They keep this room tidy all the time.

14. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.

15. They moved the fridge into the living room.

Key:

This dish is brought to me by the waiter.

2. These postcards are sent to us by our friends.

3. They were told this story by their grandmother when they visited her last week.

4. This train ticket was ordered for Tom’s mother by him.

5. Her ticket was shown to the airline agent by her.

6. This cake was baked by Jim yesterday.

7. A new apartment is going to be bought next year.

8. The customer was handed these boxes by the shop assistant.

9. The first prize was awarded to the reporter by the board.

10. Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family?

11. Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting by the committee.

12. Anna will be given a ride to school by Tom tomorrow.

13. This room is kept tidy all the time.

14. Ann was given some bananas and some flowers by us.

15. The fridge was moved into the living room.

Bài 2: Chọn đáp án đúng

1. Many U.S. automobiles --------------- in Detroit, Michigan.

A. manufacture B. have manufactured

C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing

2. I still can’t believe it! My bicycle ----------- last night.

A. was stolen B. was stealing

C. stolen D. stole

3. Let’s go ahead and do it now. Nothing ------------ by waiting.

A. will be accomplished B. accomplished

C. has accomplished D. accomplishes

4.” When ----------? “ - In 1928

A. penicillin was discovered B. did penicillin discovered

C. was penicillin discovered D. did penicillin discover

5. The rescuers ---------- for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain climbers.

A. were praised B. praised

C. were praising D. praising

6. Vitamin C ---------- by the human body. It gets into the bloods stream quickly.

A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing

C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily

7. Renoir is one of the most popular French impressionist painters. His paintings ---------- masterpieces all over the world.

A. had considered B. are considering

C. are considered D. consider

8. We can’t go along here because the road is ---------------.

A. been repaired B. being repaired

C. repaired D. repairing

9. More than 50 films --------------- in HCMC since June.

A. were shown B. had been shown

C. have been shown D. have shown

10. George is --------------- Lisa.

A. marry with B. marry to

C. married with D. married to

11. Somebody cleans the room every day.

a. The room every day is cleaned

b. The room is every day cleaned

c. The room is cleaned every day

d. The room is cleaned by somebody every day

12. They cancelled all flights because of fog.

a. All flights because of fog were cancelled.

b. All flights were cancelled because of fog.

c. All flights were because of fog cancelled

d. All flights were cancelled by them because of fog

13. People don't use this road very often.

a. This road is not used very often b. Not very often this road is not used

c. This road very often is not used d. This road not very often is used

14. Somebody accused me of stealing money.

a. I was accused by somebody of stealing money.

b. I was accused of stealing money

c. I was accused of stealing money by somebody

d. I was accused stealing money.

15. How do people learn languages?

a. How are languages learned? b. How are languages learned by people?

c. How languages are learned? d. Languages are learned how?

16. People warned us not to go out alone.

a. We were warned not going out alone

b. We were warned not to go out alone by people.

c. We weren't warned to go out alone.

d. We were warned not to go out alone.

17. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.

a. The computer is being used at the moment.

b. The computer at the moment is being used.

c. The computer is being used by somebody at the moment.

d. The computer is used at the moment.

18. I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.

a. I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded.

b. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded.

c. I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone.

d. Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded.

19. We found that they had cancelled the game.

a. We found that the fame had been cancelled.

b. The game had been cancelled.

c. We found that the game had been cancelled by them.

d. The game were found to be cancelled.

20. They are building a new highway around the city.

a. A new highway is being built around the city.

b. A new highway is being built around the city by them

c. A new highway around the city is being built.

d. Around the city a new highway is being built.

Key

Bài tập bổ sung

Exercise 1. Change the following sentences into passive voice.

1. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.

____________________________________________

2. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.

____________________________________________

3. They keep this room tidy all the time.

____________________________________________

4. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.

____________________________________________

5. They moved the fridge into the living room.

____________________________________________

6. Jim baked this cake yesterday.

____________________________________________

7. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.

____________________________________________

8. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

____________________________________________

9. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

____________________________________________

10. Have you sent Christmas cards to your family?

____________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting by the committee.

2. Anna will be given a ride to school by Tom tomorrow.

3. This room is kept tidy all the time.

4. Ann was given some bananas and some flowers by us.

5. The fridge was moved into the living room.

6. This cake was baked by Jim yesterday.

7. A new apartment is going to be bought next year.

8. The customer was handed these boxes by the shop assistant.

9. The first prize was awarded to the reporter by the board.

10. Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family?

Exercise 2. Put the correct form of the words in brackets to complete the following sentences.

1. The car _______ for over a week. (NOT WASH)

2. He _______ a new contract last year. (GIVE)

3. This song _______ by the Beatles in 1967. (WRITE)

4. The earth _______ if we try hard enough to do something (CAN SAVE)

5. The new bridge _______ at the moment. (BUILD)

6. The war _______ next week. (DECLARE)

7. Your homework _______ by tomorrow afternoon. (MUST FINISH)

8. That house _______ since I was a child. (NOT PAINT)

9. Smoking _______ in this hotel (NOT ALLOW)

10. After all the flights _______, the tourist checked in at the airport hotel. (CANCEL)

Đáp án:

1. hasn’t been washed	6. will be declared
2. was given	7. must be finished
3. was written	8. hasn’t been painted
4. can be saved	9. is not allowed
5. are being built	10. had been canceled

Exercise 3. Change the following sentences into an active voice.

1. Her ticket was shown to the airline agent by her.

____________________________________________

2. This cake was baked by Jim yesterday.

____________________________________________

3. A new apartment is going to be bought next year.

____________________________________________

4. The customer was handed these boxes by the shop assistant.

____________________________________________

5. The first prize was awarded to the reporter by the board.

____________________________________________

6. Have the Christmas cards been sent to your family?

____________________________________________

7. Alice was appointed secretary for the meeting by the committee.

____________________________________________

8. Anna will be given a ride to school by Tom tomorrow.

____________________________________________

9. This room is kept tidy all the time.

____________________________________________

10. Ann was given some bananas and some flowers (by us).

____________________________________________

Đáp án:

1. She showed her ticket to the airline agent.

2. Jim baked this cake yesterday.

3. They are going to buy a new apartment next year.

4. The shop assistant handed these boxes to the customer.

5. The board awarded the first prize to the reporter.

6. Have you sent the Christmas cards to your family?

7. The committee appointed Alice secretary for the meeting.

8. Tom will give Anna a ride to school tomorrow.

9. They keep this room tidy all the time.

10. We gave Ann some bananas and some flowers.

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