Cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ dễ hiểu nhất

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Phần 1: Lý thuyết

I. Định nghĩa câu đảo ngữ

Hiện tượng đảo ngữ là hiện tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ hoặc trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh.

Ví dụ:

- She never goes out on Sunday. (câu thường)

=> Never does she go out on Sunday (câu đảo ngữ – người viết/nói muốn nhấn mạnh đến việc không bao giờ của cô ấy)

(Cô ấy không bao giờ ra ngoài vào Chủ nhật.)

II. Các cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ

1. Đảo ngữ với các trạng từ tần suất (thường là các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định)

Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + trợ động từ + S + V
(không bao giờ/hiếm khi ai đó làm gì.)

Ví dụ:

Peter rarely studies hard.

=> Rarely does Peter study hard.

(Hiếm khi Peter học hành chăm chỉ.)

2, Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện

Câu điều kiện loại 1:

Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V…
(Nếu như… thì …)

Ví dụ:

If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go camping.

=> Should the weather be nice tommorrow, we will go camping.

(Nếu ngày mai thời tiết đẹp thì chúng ta sẽ đi cắm trại.)

3, Câu điều kiện loại 2:

Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V
(Nếu như …. thì …)

Ví dụ:

If I had money, I would buy that car.

=> Were I to have money, I would buy that car.

(Nếu tôi có tiền thì tôi đã mua chiếc ô tô đó.)

If I were you, I would work harder.

=> Were I you, I would work harder.

(Nếu tôi là bạn, tôi sẽ làm việc chăm chỉ hơn.)

4, Câu điều kiện loại 3:

Had + S + PII, S + would/should/might have PII
(Nếu như … thì …)

Ví dụ:

If she hadn’t eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache.

=> Had she not eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache.

(Nếu cô ấy không ăn chiếc bánh ấy thì cô ấy sẽ không bị đau bụng.)

Chú ý: Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện thì chỉ đảo ở mệnh đề if, mệnh đề sau giữ nguyên.

Đảo ngữ miêu tả 2 hành động cùng xảy ra sát và kế tiếp nhau sau 1 lúc

No sooner… than

Scarely… when

Hardly… when

…. + had + S + PII …+ S + Ved
(ngay sau khi …..)

Ví dụ:

No sooner had he come than she left.

=> Hardly had he come when she left.

(Ngay sau khi anh ấy đến thì cô ấy rời đi.)

5, Đảo ngữ với until

It was not … until that…: mãi cho đến khi

=> Not until + trợ động từ + S + V + that + …

Ví dụ:

It was not I became a mother that I knew how my mother loved me.

=> Not until did I become a mother that I knew how my mother loved me.

(Mãi cho đến khi tôi làm mẹ tôi mới biết mẹ yêu tôi đến nhường nào.)

6. Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ cách thức (trạng từ)

Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V

Ví dụ:

Beautifully did she sing.

(Cô ấy đã hát rất hay.)

7. Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ thời gian (With adverbs of time):

Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V

Ví dụ:

Very often have we tried to do it but we fail.

(Chúng tôi đã cố gắng làm rất nhiều lần nhưng đều thất bại.)

8, Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ chỉ nơi chốn (With adverbs of place):

Phó từ + V + S

Ví dụ:

Here comes the fall.

(Mùa thu đã tới đây.)

9, Hình thức đảo ngữ với with now, thus, then, here, there

- Chỉ được đảo ngữ khi chủ ngữ là danh từ, không hoán chuyển khi chủ ngữ là đại từ.

Ví dụ:

There comes the bus. = There it comes.

(Xe buýt đã tới rồi.)

10, Đảo ngữ với so … that và such…. that

So adj/adv + trợ động từ + S + that…
đến nỗi mà

Ví dụ:

This book is so interesting that I’ve read it many times.

=> So interesting is this book that I’ve read it many times.

Cuốn sách này thú vị đến nỗi mà tôi đọc nó rất nhiều lần.

11, Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO và NOT

No+ N + trợ động từ + S + Verb(inf)

Not any + N+ trợ động từ + S+ verb(inf)

Ví dụ

No books shall I lend you from now on.

= Not any money shall I lend you from now on.

Từ bây giờ tôi sẽ không cho bạn mượn bất cứ quyển sách nào nữa.

12, Hình thức đảo ngữ với ONLY

• Only one: chỉ một

• Only later: chỉ sau khi

• Only in this way: chỉ bằng cách này

• Only in that way: chỉ bằng cách kia

• Only then + trợ động từ+ S+ V: chỉ sau khi

• Only after+ N: chỉ sau khi

• Only by V_ing / N: chỉ bằng cách này/ việc này

• Only when + clause: chỉ khi

• Only with + N: chỉ với

• Only if+ clause: chỉ nếu như

• Only in adv of time/ place: chỉ lúc/ở

• Only …. + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 1 mệnh đề)

• hoặc Only … + S + V + trợ động từ + S + V (câu 2 mệnh đề)

Ví dụ:

Only one time did I meet Obama..

(Tôi chỉ được gặp Obama mỗi một lần.)

Only when I talked to her did I like her.

(Chỉ khi tôi nói chuyện với cô ấy thì tôi mới quý cô ấy.)

13. Hình thức đảo ngữ với các cụm từ có No

• At no time: không một lúc nào

• On no condition: không với điều kiện nào

• On no account : Không một lí do nào

• Under/ in no circumstances: không một trường hợp nào

• For no searson: không một lý do nào

• In no way: không một cách nào

• No longer: bây giờ không còn nữa

• No where: không một nơi nào

Ví dụ:

Under no case should you leave here.

Trong bất cứ trường hợp nào bạn cũng không nên rời khỏi đây.

No longer does he live next to me.

Bây giờ anh ấy không còn là hàng xóm của tôi nữa.

14, Hình thức đảo ngữ với Not only… but… also….

Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but… also….
(không những mà còn)

Ví dụ:

Not only is he good at History but he also sings very beautifully.

Không những anh ấy giỏi lịch sử mà còn hát rất hay.

15. Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh tính từ:

Trong tiếng Anh có thể đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) của “to be” ra trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” ra trước S (chủ ngữ).

Ví dụ:

The probem is easy.

=> Easy is the problem.

Vấn đề này rất đơn giản.

16. Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh động từ.

Trong tiếng Anh có thể nhấn mạnh động từ ở thì hiện tại đơn và quá khứ đơn bằng cách thêm trợ động từ ở dạng tương ứng với thì .

Ví dụ:

I stayed at home yesterday.

=> I did stay at home yesterday.

Tôi đã ở nhà cả ngày hôm qua.

Phần 2: Bài tập vận dụng

She had never been so happy before.

=> Never before…………………………………………

One rarely finds good service these days.

=> Rarely…………………………………………………

He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.

=> Not only…………………………………………………

He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang.

=> No sooner………………………………………………

The door could not be opened without using force.

=> Only ……………………………………………………

Đáp án

1. Never before had she been so happy.

2. Rarely does one find good service these days.

3. Not only did he spend all his money but also borrowed some from me.

4. No sooner had he left the office than the telephone rang.

5. Only using force could the door be opened.

Exercise 1. Choose the best answer.

1. ________, you would have succeeded in your business.

A. If you listened to my advice

B. Were you to listen to my advice

C. Had you listened to my advice

D. As long as you listened to my advice

2. Little ________ what he has caused to others.

A. does he know

B. he knows

C. he can know

D. he will know

3. ________ had he entered the office than he realized that he had left his wallet at home.

A. Hardly

B. Scarcely

C. No sooner

D. Not only

4. ________ a week go by without some road accidents.

A. Hardly does

B. Seldom do

C. Never is

D. Infrequently do

5. It was not until she had arrived home ________ her appointment with the doctor.

A. when she remembered

B. that she remembered

C. and she remembered

D. did she remember

6. ________, he would have been able to pass the exam.

A. If he studied harder last year

B. Provided he studied hard last year

C. Studying harder last year

D. Had he studied harder last year

7. ________ will Mr. Dennis be able to regain control of the company.

A. With hard work

B. Despite his hard work

C. Only if he works hardly

D. Only by working hard

8. ________ had I arrived home than it began to rain.

A. No sooner

B. Hardly

C. Scarcely

D. Rarely

9. My father paid my fees. ________ that, I wouldn’t be here now.

A. If there were not

B. But for

C. Had it not been for

D. B and C are correct.

10. Only after food has been dried or canned ________.

A. it should be stored for future use.

B. that it should be stored for future use.

C. should it be stored for future use.

D. should it store for future use

11. No sooner had we arrived at the station ________ the announcement started

A. than

B. when

C. then

D. last

12. ________ he arrived at the bus stop when the bus came.

A. Hardly had

B. No sooner had

C. No longer has

D. Not until had

13. No sooner ________ than the class started

A. had Max arrived

B. does Max arrive

C. Max arrives

D. Max does arrive

14. Scarcely had Jake ________ the book report when Alan came in.

A. finish

B. finishing

C. finished

D. to finished

15. Had they arrived at the fair earlier, they _______ what they wanted

A. had found

B. have found

C. found

D. would have found

16. Only by working hard ________ your final exam.

A. will you pass

B. you will pass

C. did you passed

D. you passed

17. Only when I have free time ________ television.

A. I watch

B. does I watch

C. do I watch

D. I watched

18. Rarely ________ she made mistakes since she was a manager.

A. have

B. has

C. is

D. are

19. ________ the truth, she wouldn’t have given Mark the money.

A. She had known

B. She has know

C. Had she known

D. Has she known

20. So beautiful ________ that the Queen is envious of her.

A. Snow White is

B. Snow White are

C. is Snow White

D. are Snow White

21. Never ________ in such a strange situation.

A. has I been

B. have I been

C. am I been

D. I have been

22. Seldom ________ dinner together.

A. do Mark and Juliet have

B. does Mark and Juliet have

C. is Mark and Juliet have

D. are Mark and Juliet have

23. Hardly ________ his wife presents on her birthday.

A. did James given

B. does James give

C. had James given

D. do James give

24. Scarcely ________ when the rain became much heavier.

A. have I come in

B. had I come in

C. I have come in

D. I came in

25. Only then ________ the letter from my son.

A. do I receive

B. did I receive

C. have I received

D. has I received

26. No sooner ________ than Mary came over.

A. have John gone out

B. had John gone out

C. has John gone out

D. John has gone out

27. So frightened ________ the film that I couldn’t sleep yesterday.

A. is

B. are

C. was

D. have

28. Not only ________ well but he also plays musical instruments perfectly

A. does he sing

B. he sings

C. he does sing

D. sings he

29. Seldom ________ a newspaper.

A. buys Anna

B. does Anna buy

C. bought Anna

D. Anna does buy

30. Not only________ at the post office. ________ at the grocery store.

A. does Mary work/but she also works

B. works Mary/but she also works

C. does Mary work/but does she also work

D. Mary work/but also she works

Đáp án:

1. C	2. A	3. C	4. A	5. B	6. D	7. D	8. A	9. D	10. C
11. A	12. A	13. A	14. C	15. D	16. A	17. C	18. B	19. C	20. C
21. B	22. A	23. A	24. B	25. B	26. B	27. C	28. A	29. B	30. A

Bài tập bổ sung

Task 1. Điền một từ thích hợp vào chỗ trống.

1. Such a long way __________ it that we decided to go by train.

2. So badly __________ I play chess that I almost never agree to have a game.

3. Pupils are expected to behave politely, as __________ members of staff.

4. So tired __________ I that I decided to lie down for a while.

5. Such a threat to society __________ you that I have no choice but to send you to prison.

6. So cold __________ it last winter that all our pipes froze.

7. Calculators are banned from the examining room, as __________ dictionaries and handheld computers.

8. I have been having very strange dreams lately, as __________ my twin sister.

Đáp án:

1. was	2. do	3. are	4. was
5. are	6. was	7. are	8. has

Task 2. Viết lại câu sao cho nghĩa không đổi.

1. Photographs are not permitted under any circumstances.

⮚ Under ______________________________________________.

2. We’ve never faced such a serious problem as this.

⮚ Never ______________________________________________.

3. I only realised it was Vanessa when she removed her hat.

⮚ Only _______________________________________________.

4. The audience didn’t laugh at any point during the show.

⮚ At _________________________________________________.

5. As soon as Patrick had finished the e-mail, he sent it.

⮚ No _________________________________________________.

6. It wasn’t clear who was going to win the match until the last few minutes.

⮚ Not ________________________________________________.

7. Dennis passed his driving test and had an accident almost immediately afterwards.

⮚ Hardly ______________________________________________.

8. I didn’t learn the result of the match until I read the evening paper.

⮚ Only ________________________________________________.

9. The president will not resign under any circumstances.

⮚ Under _______________________________________________.

10. The accused showed no emotion at any time during the trial.

⮚ At __________________________________________________.

Đáp án:

1. no circumstances are photographs permitted

2. before have we faced such a serious problem as this

3. when Vanessa removed her hat did I realise it was her

4. no point during the show did the audience laugh

5. sooner had Patrick finished the e-mail than he sent it

6. until the last few minutes was it clear who was going to win the match

7. had Dennis passed his driving test when he had an accident

8. when I read the evening paper did I learn the result of the match

9. no circumstances will the president resign

10. no time during the trial did the accused show any emotion

Task 3. Tích nếu đúng hoặc sửa lại nếu sai.

1. Hardly I had sat down when the doorbell rang. ____________

2. Scarcely had Julian finished writing when the teacher told the students to put their pens down. ____________

3. We had barely set off on our journey when the kids started asking when we would get there. ____________

4. No sooner the government changes the tax laws than businesses find a way around them. ____________

5. Scarcely they had finished painting the house when it started to rain. ____________

6. Hardly it had been installed when the new computer system started to go wrong. ____________

7. It’s true that no sooner we had started eating than we realised we had forgotten the potatoes. ____________

8. Barely had the politician started to speak when began the crowd to boo. ____________

9. Hardly the new park was finished when vandals destroyed the flowerbeds. ____________

10. Scarcely Keith had arrived in Argentina when he was arrested. ____________

Đáp án:

1. had I sat down	2. ✔
3. ✔	4. does the government change
5. had they finished	6. had it been installed
7. had we started	8. the crowd began
9. had the new park been finished	10. had Keith arrived

Task 4. Điền từ/ cụm từ đúng vào chỗ trống.

at no point in no way little never not not only

only after on no account rarely under no circumstances

1. _______________ were the security guards to blame for what happened.

2. _______________ once did the old woman thank me for helping her.

3. _______________ seeing the doctor was Theresa allowed to leave hospital.

4. _______________ will passengers be allowed to carry more than 6 kg of hand luggage.

5. _______________ were you late, but you also forgot to bring the correct documents.

6. _______________ during the meeting did anyone mention that the managing director was planning to leave.

7. _______________ did the passengers know that the driver was really an undercover police officer.

8. _______________ do you meet anyone as charming as Mr Beeching.

9. _______________ should unaccompanied children be allowed to enter the area.

10. _______________ before has the company failed such a strict safety inspection.

Đáp án:

1. In no way	2. Not	3. Only after
4. On no account	5. Not only	6. At no point
7. Little	8. Rarely	9. Under no circumstances
10. Never

Task 5. Hoàn thành câu dùng gợi ý trong ngoặc.

1. Not until the area is made safe _______________. (construction / can continue)

2. In no way _______________ how strongly we felt about the situation. (the announcement / affect)

3. Seldom _______________ a vintage car in quite such good condition these days. (you / see)

4. Not only _______________ my birthday, but he also forgot our wedding anniversary. (Jerry / forget)

5. At no time _______________ my opinion on the subject. (I / ask)

6. Only when _______________ the ticket again did I realise that I had won first prize! (I / check)

7. Little _______________ that I had a big surprise planned for her. (Caroline / realise)

8. Under no circumstances _______________ a contract you haven’t read thoroughly. (you / should sign)

9. At no stage _______________ likely that Wilkinson would win the championship. (it / appear)

10. Only if the weather is clear _______________ to launch. (the space shuttle / will allow)

Đáp án:

1. can construction continue	2. did the announcement affect
3. do you see	4. did Jerry forget
5. have I been asked	6. I checked
7. did Caroline realise	8. should you sign
9. did it appear	10. will the space shuttle be allowed

Xem thêm các loạt bài Ngữ pháp Tiếng Anh hay, chi tiết khác:

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