Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về động từ khuyết thiếu tiếng Anh

Trang trước Trang sau

Bài viết Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về động từ khuyết thiếu tiếng Anh giúp bạn có thêm tài liệu từ đó tìm được phương pháp học và yêu thích Tiếng Anh hơn.

1. Động từ khuyết thiếu là gì?

Động từ khuyết thiếu (Modal verbs) là loại động từ đặc biệt, có chức năng làm rõ các tính chất của hành động bởi động từ chính trong câu.

Hình thức: Modal V + Vinf.

2. Các cách dùng của động từ khuyết thiếu

1. Diễn tả một khả năng/ kĩ năng

Can, Could

Eg: He can speak English well.

2. Diễn tả một khả năng xảy ra trong tương lai

May, Might, Can, Could, Be likely to

Eg: He may win the race.

3. Đưa ra một yêu cầu

Can, Could, Will, Would

(Can/ Could được dùng trong những tình huống trang trọng)

Eg: Can you close the door?

4. Đưa ra lời đề nghị giúp đỡ

Can I/ Shall I/ Can we/ Shall we

Eg: Can I help you?

5. Đưa ra lời xin phép

Can I/ Could I/ May I

Eg: May I leave early today?

6. Diễn tả lời khuyên, sự bắt buộc, sự cần thiết

- Dùng should/ ought to cho lời khuyên

Eg: You should drive carefully.

- Dùng be supposed to để đưa ra ý kiến tổng quát

Eg: I’m supposed to attend the meeting.

- Dùng had better để đưa ra cảnh báo

Eg: He’d better go to work on time.

- Dùng must, have to, have got to để diễn tả sự bắt buộc

Eg: Motorists must obey all traffic lights in the city.

- Dùng be to để diễn tả mệnh lệnh

Eg: I was to call him last night.

- Dùng needn’t/ don’t have to/ haven’t got to để diễn tả điều không bắt buộc, không cần thiết

Eg: They don’t have to wear uniform to school on Saturdays.

7. Diễn tả sự ngăn cấm

Must not

Eg: You mustn’t blow your car horn in front of the hospital.

8. Diễn tả một kết luận ở hiện tại

- Must, May (khẳng định)

- Can’t, Couldn’t, Might not (phủ định)

Eg: He looks very young. He can’t be over forty years old.

9. Diễn tả sự ưa thích

Would like, Would prefer, Would rather

Eg: I would like to go camping today.

10. Diễn tả sự việc đang xảy ra ở hiện tại

Modal V + be + Ving

Eg: Tom is in the library now. He must be studying for his test tomorrow.

11. Diễn tả sự việc trong quá khứ

Cấu trúc: Modal V + have + VpII

- Lời khuyên trong quá khứ:

Should have/ Ought to have VpII: đáng lẽ đã nên làm gì

Eg: You shouldn’t have behaved like that.

- Một kết luận, suy luận trong quá khứ theo mức độ chính xác

> 90%	Must have VpII
~ 50%	May have VpII
< 50%	Could have VpII Might have VpII
2 - 10%	Couldn’t have VpII Can’t have VpII

12. Diễn tả điều không có thật trong quá khứ (tương đương điều kiện loại III)

Would/ Could/ Might have VpII

Eg: I could have become an artist, but my parents made me study medicine.

3. Bài tập áp dụng

Exercise 1. Hoàn thành những câu dưới đây theo các động từ: might, might not, must, mustn’t, can, can’t

1. Don’t stand up in the boat! You …………………. fall in the river!

2. You really …………………. start spending more time on your work.

3. That’s a really stupid idea! You …………………. be serious, surely!

4. Don’t be silly. You …………………. expect me to believe you!

5. I learn to fly! You …………………. be joking!

6. Sue says she’s stuck in traffic and she …………………. be late.

7. Tell Peter he. …………………. stay the night here if he wants to.

8. You …………………. realize it, but this is very important to me.

9. We’re not sure but we …………………. go to Prague for Christmas this year.

10. Bill cooked the lunch, so you …………………. expect anything special!

Exercise 2. Viết lại câu theo nghĩa tương tự bằng cách sử dụng các modal verb cho sẵn trong ngoặc

1. Perhaps Susan know the address. (may)

Susan ………………………………………………………………………….

2. The report must be on my desk tomorrow. (has)

The report …..………………………………………………………………….

3. It was not necessary for Nancy to clean the flat. (didn’t)

Nancy …………….……………………………………………………………

4. It’s possible that Joanna didn’t receive my message. (might)

Joanna …………………………………………………………………………..

5. I managed to finish all my work. (able)

I …………………………..……………………………………………………..

Exericse 3. Điền vào chỗ trống với các modal verb: must have been, can’t(couldn’t) have been, have to/had to (be), didn’t have to (be)

1. He knows a lot about flying plane. He …………….. a pilot when he was young.

2. John …………….. at the bank until 10, so he arrived here five minutes ago.

3. We had enough foreign currency left at the end of the holiday, so I ….... buy any more.

4. There …………….. an accident on South Street because the road is closed off.

5. You …………….. waiting long. After all, I’m only five minutes late.

6. Vera …………….. at the supermarket this morning. I didn’t see her there.

7. When she …………….. at the hospital? Early this morning.

8. Monica knew exactly what to do. I …………….. tell her twice.

9. I left a message on your answer phone last night. You …………….. out.

10. The fire alarm went and we …………….. out of the building in two minutes.

Exercise 4. Chọn đáp án đúng

1. When my father was young, he _____ work in the garden for long hours.

A. can B. could C. will D. should

2. He_____ have committed the crime because he was with me that day.

A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. won't D. couldn't

3. Since we have to be there by 8.30, we_____ take a taxi.

A. had better B. may C. ought D. are able to

4. It_____ rain this evening. Why don't you take an umbrella?

A. could be B. must C. might D. had better

5. _____ you help me with the homework?

A. May B. Shall C. Should D. Will

6. She hasn't eaten anything since yesterday. She_____ be really hungry.

A. might B. will C. must D. can

7. I put my keys on the table, but now it's gone. Someone_____ have taken it.

A. may B. had to C. should D. would rather

8. Daisy is reading her English test because she has a test tomorrow. She_____ be studying.

A. will B. should C. must D. can

9. We _____ put the fish in the fridge before it spoils.

A. had to B. may C. can D. had better

10. Mr. Brown is very rich. He_____ work hard for a living.

A. mustn't B. shouldn't C. can't D. doesn't have to

11. Tom has just got a new job. He_____ be very pleased.

A. might B. must C. should D. will

12. Tom panted his room black. It looks dark and dreary. He _____ have chosen another colour.

A. should B. must C. could D. may

13. _____ you carry this bag for me?

A. May B. Should C. Will D. Shall

14. You _____ throw litter on the streets.

A. mustn't B. couldn't C. needn't D. won't

15. My mother permitted me to go out at night. She said, "You_____ go out tonight".

A. may B. have to C. must D. ought to

16. It is possible that she will come to our party tonight. She come her tonight.

A. need B. may C. should D. will

17. They can type. They_____ type.

A. lean how to B. are able to C. know how to D. both B &C

18. He advised me to take an English course. I_____ take it early.

A. should B. shall C. will D. may

19. I'd rather_____ in the field than_____ home.

A. to work/ to stay B. work/ stay C. working/ staying D. worked/stayed

20. As an orphan, he _____ earn his living alone.

A. have to B. has had to C. ought to D. had to

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1.

1. might

2. must

3. can

4. can’t

5. must

6. might

7. can

8. might not

9. might

10. mustn’t

Exercise 2.

1. Susan may know the address.

2. The report has to be on my desk tomorrow.

3. Nancy didn’t need to clean the flat.

4. Joanna mightn’t have received my message.

5. I was able to finish all my work.

Exercise 3.

1. must have been.

2. didn’t have to be.

3. didn’t have to.

4. must have been.

5. didn’t have to be.

6. couldn’t have been.

7. have to be.

8. had to.

9. must have been.

10. had to be.

Exercise 4.

1B	2D	3A	4C	5D	6C	7A	8C	9D	10D
11B	12A	13C	14A	15A	16B	17D	18A	19B	20D

Xem thêm tài liệu môn Tiếng Anh hay, chi tiết khác:

Trang trước Trang sau

Các loạt bài lớp 9 khác