Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về sự hoà hợp chủ ngữ, động từ trong tiếng Anh

Bài viết Toàn bộ kiến thức cần nhớ về sự hoà hợp chủ ngữ, động từ trong tiếng Anh giúp bạn có thêm tài liệu từ đó tìm được phương pháp học và yêu thích Tiếng Anh hơn.

I. Nguyên tắc chung về sự hoà hợp của chủ ngữ và động từ

- Singular S + singular V (Chủ ngữ số ít đi với động từ số ít)

- Plural S + plural V (Chủ ngữ số nhiều đi với động từ số nhiều)

II. Một số chú ý quan trọng cần nhớ

1. Danh từ không đếm được đi với động từ số ít

Eg: Water is a renewable source of energy.

2. Các danh từ nối với nhau bằng liên từ and đi với động từ số nhiều

Eg: Vietnam and Laos are Asian countries.

3. Các danh từ nối với nhau bằng or, either … or ….., not …. but ….. thì động từ kết hợp với danh từ thứ 2

Eg: Either Sam or I come to the party.

4. Các danh từ nối với nhau bằng with, like, as well as, together with, along with, in addition to thì động từ kết hợp với danh từ thứ 1

Eg: The kitchen, as well as our bedroom, is painted in blue.

5. Đại từ bất định đi với động từ số ít

Các đại từ bất định có dạng: some-, any-, no-, every-

Eg: Somebody has eaten all the food on the table.

6. Các danh từ chỉ sự đo lường, thời gian, khoảng cách, tên sách đi với động từ số ít

Eg: One hour is too short to complete this task.

7. Some, all, most, almost, the rest, part ... of và các phân số đi với động từ số ít hay số nhiều phụ thuộc vào danh từ đứng sau of

Eg 1: Most of the fruits are fresh.

Eg 2: Three quarters of the Earth’s surface is water.

8. Các danh từ tập hợp đi với động từ số ít nếu ta xét nó một cách toàn thể, đi với động từ số nhiều nếu ta xét từng bộ phận

Các danh từ tập hợp phổ biến:

Army (quân đội)

Association (hiệp hội)

Audience (khán giả)

Choir (dàn đồng ca)

Class (lớp)

Club (câu lạc bộ)

Committee (uỷ ban)

Community (cộng đồng)

Company (nhóm bạn)

Congress (quốc hội)

Council (hội đồng)

Crew (nhóm, đội)

Crowd (đám đông)

Family (gia đình)

Gang (băng nhóm)

Government (chính phủ)

Group (nhóm, tập đoàn)

Jury (hội đồng xét xử)

Navy (hải quân)

Orchestra (ban nhạc)

Staff (nhân viên)

Team (đội, nhóm)

University (đại học)

 

Eg 1: My family are early risers.

Eg 2: My family is happy.

9. Trong mẫu câu “There + be + N” động từ đi với danh từ, nếu có nhiều danh từ thì kết hợp danh từ đứng trước

Eg 1: There are many books on the bookshelf.

Eg 2: There is a table and 2 chair behind me.

10. Khi từ để hỏi, cụm từ, mệnh đề làm chủ ngữ thì đi với động từ số ít

Eg 1: Who wants tea?

Eg 2: Reading books is my hobby.

11. Tên môn học, căn bệnh, môn thể thao có tận cùng là -s đi với động từ số ít

Môn học

Physics, Mathematics, Statistics, Economics ….

Căn bệnh

Measles, Rickets, AIDS, Mumps ……

Môn thể thao

Gymnastics, Dominoes, Billiards, Athletics ….

Eg: Mathematics is my favorite subject.

12. Các danh từ luôn ở hình thức số nhiều đi với động từ số nhiều

Goods (hàng hoá)

Earnings (tiền kiếm được)

Clothes (quần áo)

Jeans (quần jean)

Glasses (kính đeo)

Belongings (vật mang theo)

Trousers/ pants (quần tây)

Boots (giày ống)

Shoes (giày)

Scissors (cái kéo)

Binoculars (ống nhòm)

Shorts (quần sooc)

Chú ý: A pair of + N + V(s/es)

Eg: A pair of binoculars is necessary for your trip.

13. Danh từ chỉ ngôn ngữ đi với động từ số ít, danh từ chỉ dân tộc đi với động từ số nhiều

Eg 1: English is an international language.

Eg 2: The English like to drink tea.

14. Một số quy tắc với các cụm cố định

Each/ Every + N số ít + V số ít

Eg: Each student has to to homework before class.

Each of/ One of + N số nhiều + V số ít

Eg: Each of students has to to homework before class.

The number of + N số nhiều + V số ít

Eg: The number of days in a week is 7.

A number of + N số nhiều + V số nhiều

Eg: A number of students were absent yesterday.

III. Bài tập áp dụng

Exercise 1. Supply the correct tenses and form of the verbs in parentheses:

1. The English (be) ………. famous for their calmness.

2. The money that (spend) …………. on education every year (be) ………not enough.

3. The number of employees who (not, finish) …………. their work yet (have) ………. . to work on the weekend.

4. The office (close) …………on the weekend.

5. The office (try) ………a lot to win the boss’s heart recently.

6. Five kilos of gold (steal) ………. . from the bank yesterday.

7. Physics (cause) …………you any trouble at school.

8. Yesterday, neither you nor I (choose) …………. to deliverthe speech. So who (choose)………. ?- Daisy and Ann (be) ……….

9. That you enjoy the food I cook (encourage) …………. me a lot.

10. When I (see) …………you yesterday, the boy in black trousers (try) ……. . to steal your wallet.

11. The contracts signed by the company (have) …………been voided because some stipulations were not met.

12. Ten miles (be) ………. a very long distance for us to walk.

13. Each package that is not properly wrapped (have) ………. . to be returned to the sender.

14. The keys of the house (have) ………. been lost.

15. The plan as well as the proposals (be) ……….. to be presented in the coming Monday meeting.

Exercise 2. In each of the following sentences, put the verb in brackets into the correct form

1. Two weeks (go) fast when you are on vacation.

2. Many of the girls in my school (wear) white shirts.

3. Three kilos of potatoes (make) the basket heavier.

4. Some of the tables in the classroom (be) broken.

5. Bacteria of the harmful kind (cause) diseases.

6. What we need most (be) books.

7. The English (be) proud and independent people.

8. The United States (have) a population of 250 million.

9. There (be, not) any letters in the mail for you today.

10. Everyone in both cars (be) injured in the accident last night.

Exercise 3. Choose the correct from of each verb in the following sentences

1. The trousers you bought for me (doesn't/ don't) fit me.

2. Physics (was/ were) my best subject at school.

3. Fortunately the news (wasn't/ weren't) as bad as we had expected.

4. The police (wants/ want) to interview Fred about a robbery.

5. Three days (isn't/ aren't) long enough for a good holiday.

6. Where (does/ do) your family live?

7. England (have/ has) lost all their football matches this season.

8. (Does/ Do) the police know about the stolen money?

9. Can I borrow your scissors? Mine (isn't/ aren't) sharp enough,

10. I'm going to take a taxi. Six miles (is/ are) too far for me to walk.

Exercise 4. Complete the sentences with is/ are, has/ have or does/do.

1. Either John or you ………. . to be responsible for the unfinished work.

2. David, as well as his friends, …………collecting waste paper to recycle.

3. John and Helen ……. . not admit to have broken the window.

4. Neither Tom nor his friends………. . lost the keys

5. Both Peter and his girlfriend………. working for a bank.

6. Neither the library nor the bookstore…………the book Ineed.

7. Tom as well as his two close friends ………not in class today.

8. Both Ron and Bob ………passed the exam successfully.

9. One of the staffs………. to report the problem to the manager.

10. Either the girl or her parents…………going to be present at the party.

Exercise 5. Choose the correct answer A, B, C or D

1. Everyone on the board of directors ........ with the planned merger.

A. agreeing                B. agree                      C. have agreed                      D. agrees

2. Success in business ......... certain strategies that satisfy both the employer and the employees.

A. requires                B. is required            C. require                              D. requiring

3. Not only the painting method but also the colors ............... the intervest of art critics.

A. has aroused          B. arouses                  C. have aroused                    D. arousing

4. The number of corrections made during the first stage ........... the charges significantly.

A. has influenced     B. are influencing    C. have influenced               D. influencing

5. Every staff member ....... to be trained in security procedures to ensure the safety of customer's private information.

A. requirement         B. requires                 C. is required                        D. requiring

6. Our website has a page that ........... frequently asked questions by its users.

A. answer                  B. was answered       C. answers                             D. answering

7. The benefits of exercising regularly while pregnant ....... staying sedentary during pregnancy.

A. surpass                  B. is surpassing        C. surpassing                        D. surpassed

8. The decision regarding the merger of the two companies ...... to the public yesterday.

A. was announced    B. announced            C. were announced              D. announcing

9. Thanks to the recent anti-smoking campaign, the number of smokers in the country .........

A. has reduced          B. to reduce               C. reduce                               D. having reduced

10. The regulations governing animal research ......... many provisions to safeguard animal welfare.

A. contains                B. contain                  C. have been contained       D. is containing

Exercise 6. Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order  to make the sentence correct

1. The professor together with his three students have been called to court.

         A                     B                                             C                       D

2. Fifty dollars seem a reasonable price to pay for that.

         A                 B                 C                           D

3. Walking in the rain are not a good idea.

        A              B          C              D

4. The unemployed really needs to be given more help.

                          A                      B                  C             D

5. To learn foreign languages are necessary for us to have a good job.

    A                                          B                         C                    D

6. The police is asking him a lot of questions which he can’t answer.

         A                 B                    C                         D

7. Life is not easy for those who is without jobs.

        A                B                          C                 D

8. The Chinese is very famous for their food.

        A                  B                      C            D

9. I love swimming which are a good sport for my health.

                      A                      B                        C            D

10. All the books on the top shelf belongs to me.

        A           B             C                  D

ĐÁP ÁN

Exercise 1.

1. are

6. was stolen

 11. have

2. is spent - is

7. does physics

12. is

3. hasn’t finished - has

8. was chosen – were

13. has

4. is closed

9. encourages

14. have caused

5. have tried

10. saw – was trying

15. is

Exercise 2.

1. goes

6. is

2. wear

7. are

3. makes

8. has

4. are

9. aren’t

5. cause

10. was

Exercise 3.

1. don’t

6. do

2. was

7. has

3. wasn’t

8. do

4. want

9. aren’t

5. isn’t

10. is

Exercise 4.

1. have

6. has

2. is

7. is

3. do

8. have

4. have

9. has

5. are

10. are

Exercise 5.

1D

2A

3C

4A

5C

6C

7A

8A

9A

10C

Exercise 6.

1C

2B

3C

4B

5B

6B

7C

8B

9B

10D

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